XCL1

Case study 1: Ha Thi Thu Do, 2020

Chemokine-receptor interactions play multiple roles in cancer progression. It was reported that the overexpression of XCR1, a specific receptor for XCL1, stimulates the migration of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. However, the exact mechanisms of this process remain to be elucidated. In this study, siCtr and siXCR1 were transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells and cell migration assays were evaluated. Furthermore, Western Blotting and Immunocytochemistry were made to assess the expression and the intracellular localization of related proteins.

Finally, they found that XCL1 treatment markedly enhanced MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Additionally, XCL1 treatment enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MDA-MB-231 cells via E-cadherin downregulation and upregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin as well as increases in β-catenin nucleus translocation. Furthermore, XCL1 enhanced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2.

Fig1. Representative immunofluorescence images from the immunocytochemical studies are provided. Ctr, control. The arrows indicate β-catenin subcellular localization.

Fig2. Activation of the Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway by XCL1 in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Case study 2: Yeon Duk Woo, 2018

The chemokine X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (XCL1)-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1) axis has been reported to play a role in immune homeostasis and inflammation. However, it is not known whether this axis has a critical function in patients with allergic asthma.

So Ovalbumin (OVA)- or house dust mite-induced asthma was developed in XCL1 or XCR1 knockout (KO) mice to explore whether the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell-mediated XCL1-XCR1 axis regulated allergic asthma. XCL1 or XCR1 KO mice showed attenuation in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), numbers of CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), and TH2 responses in the lungs compared with wild-type (WT) mice during OVA- or house dust mite-induced asthma. Moreover, iNKT cells highly expressed XCL1 both in vitro and in vivo. In human patients, percentages and XCL1 production capacity of iNKT cells from PBMCs were greater in patients with asthma than in healthy control subjects.

Fig3. XCL1 deficiency reduces recruitment of CD103¬+, but not CD11b+ DCs into the lungs during OVA-induced allengic asthma.

Fig4. XCL1 deficiency reduces a-GalCer-mediated recruitment of CD103+ DCs into the lung.

Fig1. Signaling pathways involved in pro-migratory effects induced by the XCL1–XCR1 axis in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. (Ha Thi Thu Do, 2020)

Fig2. NKT cell-mediated XCL1-XCR1 axis promotes allergic airway hyperresponsivenss by recruiting CD103+ dendritic cells. (Yeon Duk Woo, 2018)

XCL1 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways XCL1 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with XCL1 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

XCL1 has several biochemical functions, for example, CCR chemokine receptor binding, chemokine activity, chemokine receptor binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by XCL1 itself. We selected most functions XCL1 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with XCL1. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

XCL1 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with XCL1 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of XCL1.