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spa

  • Official Full Name

    Staphylococcal Protein A

  • Overview

    S. aureus can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections, such as pimples, impetigo, boils (furuncles), cellulitis folliculitis, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), bacteremia, and sepsis. Its incidence is from skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, endovascular to wound infections. It is still one of the five most common causes of nosocomial infections, often causing postsurgical wound infections. Each year, some 500,000 patients in American hospitals contract a staphylococcal infection.
  • Synonyms

    Protein A; Immunoglobulin G binding protein A; Staphylococcal protein A; SPA;
Species Cat.# Product name Source (Host) Tag Protein Length Price
Pan-species (General) SPA-2765P Recombinant Pan-species (General) SPA Protein, His-tagged E.coli N-His Thr31-Pro334
S. aureus SPA-4893S Active Native Staphylococcus aureus Protein A, FITC labeled S. aureus N/A
Staphylococcal spa-1286S Active Recombinant Staphylococcal Spa E.coli N/A
Staphylococcus aureus spa-5674S Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus spa Protein (Ala37-Lys327), C-His tagged E.coli C-His Ala37-Lys327
spa-515S Recombinant S.aureus Immunoglobulin G Binding Protein A E.coli N/A
  • Background
  • Quality Guarantee
  • Case Study
  • spa Related Articles
SPA-5.jpg

Fig1. Model of S. aureus interaction with osteoblasts. Engagement of S. aureus protein A with osteoblast TNFR-1 results in IkB degradation and NFκB activation.

What is SpA protein?

Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) is a cell-wall-bound pathogenicity factor from the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus that comprises of 4 or 5 homologous immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding domains (E, D, A, B, and C) of 56–61 residues followed by a polymorphic variable repeat region, Xr, and a conserved region, Xc, which includes a cell-wall attachment sequence

Because of their small size and immunoglobulin (IgG)-binding activities, domains of protein A are targets for protein engineering efforts and for the development of computational approaches for de novo protein folding.

What is the function of SpA protein?

Plays a role in the inhibition of the host innate and adaptive immune responses. Among its 4 or 5 domains, the interaction between domain D of SpA and the Fab 2A2 from a human IgM antibody is noteworthy. In turn, Staphylococcus aureus is protected from phagocytic killing via inhibition of Ig Fc region. In addition, the host elicited B-cell response is prevented due to a decrease of antibody-secreting cell proliferation that enter the bone marrow, thereby decreasing long-term antibody production. Inhibits osteogenesis by preventing osteoblast proliferation and expression of alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Acts directly as a pro-inflammatory factor in the lung through its ability to bind and activate tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1/TNFRSF1A (By similarity).

Application of SpA Protein

SpA has a wide range of biochemical, biotechnological, and is most commonly used in test methods such as immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting. Because of its ability to bind the Fab and Fc fragments of a wide range of mammalian immunoglobulins, it can be used as a carrier or affinity chromatography medium for antibodies. Surface display of SPA has an application in immuno-precipitation of IgG-antigen complex. And it is also used for one-step and high efficiency purification of IgG. SpA also directly binds to the B-cells preventing initiation of infectious diseases as well as having a role in the development of various autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). SpA gene typing has been used to study relatedness of S. aureus isolates.

High Purity

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SPA-2.jpg

Fig2. SDS-PAGE (SPA-2765P)

Case Study 1: Helen L. Shuttleworth, 1987

SPA-3.jpg

Fig1. Comparison of protein A yields for SPA plasmids in various Eschenkhia coli hosts.

Case Study 2: Marisa I Gómez, 2006

SPA-4.jpg

Fig2. Epithelial cells were incubated with GST protein A fusions and binding of the different protein constructs to the surface quantified by flow cytometry.

spa involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways spa participated on our site, such as , which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with spa were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

Pathway Name Pathway Related Protein

spa has several biochemical functions, for example, . Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by spa itself. We selected most functions spa had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with spa. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function Related Protein

spa has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with spa here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of spa.

Braun, J; Kiltz, U; et al. Emerging drugs for the treatment of axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis. EXPERT OPINION ON EMERGING DRUGS 20:1-14(2015).
He, LP; Liu, S; et al. Label-Free and Real-Time Monitor of Binding and Dissociation Processes between Protein A and Swine IgG by Oblique-Incidence Reflectivity Difference Method. CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS 32:-(2015).
  • Q&As
  • Reviews

Q&As (5)

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Can SPA protein be used in the purification of recombinant proteins? 03/10/2023

Yes, SPA protein is effective in purifying recombinant proteins, aiding in the production of high-quality proteins for research and therapeutic applications.

Can SPA protein be employed in cancer research? 02/18/2021

Yes, SPA protein is valuable in cancer research, assisting in the identification and analysis of cancer-specific antibodies that may be potential targets for treatment.

Can SPA protein be utilized in infectious disease diagnosis? 09/15/2020

Yes, SPA protein is applied in infectious disease diagnosis to detect antibodies produced in response to pathogens, aiding in the identification of the infecting agent.

How does SPA protein enhance the accuracy of Western blotting? 06/29/2020

In Western blotting, SPA protein is used to bind and detect specific antibodies, improving the accuracy of protein identification and quantification in clinical samples.

How does SPA protein contribute to therapeutic antibody production? 10/08/2018

SPA protein is utilized in the purification process of therapeutic antibodies, helping to isolate and obtain high-purity antibodies for use in medical treatments.

Customer Reviews (3)

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Reviews
12/13/2022

    The SPA protein's superior performance in ELISA paves the way for robust and precise data analysis, providing invaluable insights into various biological processes.

    07/26/2017

      I am genuinely excited to embark on this scientific journey, empowered by the superior SPA protein and the manufacturer's unwavering commitment to ensuring my success.

      06/20/2017

        The SPA protein comes highly recommended due to its exceptional performance in ELISA assays.

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