- \n
- The capacity for a small amount of vaccination to generate a prolonged antibody response.<\/li>\n
- Antibodies with multiple specificities against\u00a0A\u03b2 can be produced.<\/li>\n
- Antibodies can improve\u00a0in specificity and\/or affinity over time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n - \n
- The immune response may be inconsistent or lacking.<\/li>\n
- Failure to produce adequate titers of antibodies due to the senescent immune system and may develop autoimmune side effects.<\/li>\n
- Adverse reactions may be persistent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n Pros of Passive Immunization<\/td>\n Cons of Passive Immunization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \n - \n
- Ensure therapeutically consistent antibody titers.<\/li>\n
- Allow control of adverse events by\u00a0discontinuing treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n - \n
- Repeated infusions of antibodies over time are required and\u00a0the associated cost of production is incurred.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Mechanisms of Anti-A\u03b2 Immunotherapy<\/strong><\/p>\n
An attractive feature of anti-A\u03b2 immunotherapy is the diversity of molecules and the various mechanisms that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Antibodies can target the A\u03b2 monomer and many soluble and insoluble A\u03b2 aggregation intermediates. Even non-A\u03b2 species, such as A\u03b2 carrier proteins and transport channels, are potential targets.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-content\/themes\/alzheimacy\/images\/Immunotherapy-to-Increase-Amyloid-b-Clearance-1.jpg\")
\nFigure 1. Possible targets for anti-A\u03b2 immunotherapy. (Adapted from Lannfelt L.; et al<\/em>. Amyloid\u2010\u03b2\u2010directed immunotherapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Journal of Internal Medicine<\/em>. 2014, 275(3): 284-295.)<\/p>\nPotential targets for anti-A\u03b2 immunotherapy are listed as below:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Binding to soluble forms\u00a0of A\u03b2 and may increase clearance and shift equilibria.<\/li>\n
- Binding to deposited plaques and promoting plaque removal through microglial activation.<\/li>\n
- Binding and clearing A\u03b2 oligomers or protofibrils.<\/li>\n
- Internalized in cells or enter into the synaptic clefts between neurons and interfere with the intercellular transmission of A\u03b2 and its aggregates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Current Situation and Challenges of Anti-A\u03b2 Immunotherapy<\/strong><\/p>\n
Anti-A\u03b2 immunotherapy aims to address more directly the toxicity and clearance of A\u03b2, and is in principle the most straightforward approach, but has been more challenging than expected and has faced major problems in terms of safety and efficacy. To date, no active vaccine or mAb targeting A\u03b2 has shown significant efficacy. We have no choice but to redouble our efforts and gain a deeper understanding of all aspects of the biological process of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n
If you are interested in basic research<\/a>\u00a0or preclinical research<\/a>\u00a0related to anti-A\u03b2 immunotherapy, Alzheimacy will provide you with comprehensive technical support, and please feel free to\u00a0contact us<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The majority of potential disease-modifying therapies developed in recent years target Amyloid \u03b2 (A\u03b2), include\u00a0inhibitors of \u03b2-secretase\u00a0and \u03b3-secretase, and A\u03b2 aggregation inhibitors. However, the most extensively developed is immunotherapy, which includes active immunization\u00a0by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies with the intact A\u03b242\u00a0peptide or A\u03b2\u00a0fragment and passive immunization\u00a0by administering exogenous monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":101,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":168,"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104\/revisions\/168"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.creativebiomart.net\/alzheimacy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- Repeated infusions of antibodies over time are required and\u00a0the associated cost of production is incurred.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n