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TGF-beta Superfamily

TGF-beta Superfamily Background

Available Resources for the Study of TGF-beta Superfamily

At Creative BioMart, we are deeply committed to advancing research on the TGF-beta superfamily. Our unwavering dedication ensures that researchers have access to the latest tools and up-to-date information pertaining to the various families within the TGF-beta superfamily, including the activin family, BMP family, GDNF family, growth differentiation factor (GDF), and TGF-beta family.

  • Our extensive product portfolio encompasses a diverse range of high-quality offerings. Researchers can find an array of essential tools, such as recombinant proteins, protein pre-coupled magnetic beads, cell and tissue lysates, and more. These top-notch products play a pivotal role in unraveling the intricate functions and mechanisms of the different components within the TGF-beta superfamily.
  • Furthermore, our team is composed of experienced experts who possess profound knowledge and expertise in TGF-beta superfamily research. We are wholeheartedly dedicated to providing tailored solutions that meet the specific requirements of researchers, empowering them with the necessary tools to accomplish their objectives.
  • In addition to our product offerings, we provide comprehensive resource support. Our resources cover a wide range of valuable information, including pathways, protein function, interacting proteins, and more. By curating and providing these resources, we aim to maximize the impact of research endeavors and facilitate a deeper understanding of the TGF-beta superfamily.

About TGF-beta Superfamily

The TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) superfamily is a large group of proteins that includes several families of ligands, each with unique functions and roles in various biological processes. Here's an introduction to the different families within the TGF-beta superfamily:

TGF-beta Family

  • TGF-beta ligands: TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3 are the primary members of this family. They regulate cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immune response, and tissue development.
  • Receptors: TGF-beta receptors, including TGF-beta receptor type I (TGFBR1/ALK5) and TGF-beta receptor type II (TGFBR2), mediate TGF-beta signaling through Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways.
  • Biological functions: The TGF-beta family plays crucial roles in embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis, immune response regulation, wound healing, and tissue homeostasis.

BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) Family

  • BMP ligands: BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, and others are members of the BMP family. They are key regulators of bone and cartilage development, as well as cell differentiation, proliferation, and tissue morphogenesis.
  • Receptors: BMP receptors, including BMP type I and type II receptors, mediate BMP signaling that also involves Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways.
  • Biological functions: BMPs are important for skeletal development, bone and cartilage formation, tissue repair, and regeneration.

Activin Family

  • Activin ligands: Activin A, Activin B, and Activin AB are the primary members of the Activin family. They are involved in a range of processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, reproductive functions, and immune regulation.
  • Receptors: Activin receptors, known as Activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs), transmit Activin signals through Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways.
  • Biological functions: Activins play roles in reproductive functions, neural development, immune cell regulation, and tissue homeostasis.

GDNF (Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) Family

  • GDNF ligands: GDNF, Neurturin, Artemin, and Persephin constitute the GDNF family. They are primarily involved in the development and maintenance of the nervous system, promoting survival and differentiation of specific neuronal populations.
  • Receptors: GDNF family receptors (GFRα) bind to GDNF ligands, and the complex then associates with the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase to initiate intracellular signaling.
  • Biological functions: GDNF family ligands are critical for the development and maintenance of dopaminergic, motor, sensory, and enteric neurons.

Growth Differentiation Factor (GDF) Family

  • GDF ligands: GDF1, GDF2, GDF3, GDF5, and others make up the GDF family. They play roles in cell growth, differentiation, tissue development, and regeneration.
  • Receptors: GDF ligands signal through type I and type II receptors, similar to other TGF-beta superfamily members.
  • Biological functions: GDFs contribute to cell growth, differentiation, tissue regeneration, and organ homeostasis.

Each family within the TGF-beta superfamily has its own set of ligands, receptors, and biological functions. Collectively, these families of proteins regulate diverse processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, tissue morphogenesis, immune response, and neural development. Understanding the functions and interactions within the TGF-beta superfamily provides valuable insights into normal physiological processes and offers potential therapeutic targets for various disorders.

TGF-beta Superfamily - Creative BioMart

Signaling Pathways and Biological Functions of TGF-beta Superfamily

These families of proteins regulate diverse processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, tissue morphogenesis, immune response, and neural development. Understanding the functions and interactions within the TGF-beta superfamily provides valuable insights into normal physiological processes and offers potential therapeutic targets for various disorders.

Signaling Pathways

  • The activation of TGF-beta superfamily receptors initiates intracellular signaling pathways, primarily mediated by the Smad proteins.
  • Canonical Pathway: Upon ligand binding, the receptors phosphorylate Smad2 or Smad3 proteins, which then form complexes with Smad4. These complexes translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene expression, influencing cellular responses.
  • Non-Canonical Pathways: In addition to Smad-dependent signaling, TGF-beta ligands can activate non-canonical pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and Rho-like GTPase signaling, to mediate diverse cellular responses.

Biological Functions

  • The TGF-beta superfamily regulates various biological processes, including embryonic development, cell proliferation and differentiation, tissue morphogenesis, immune response, wound healing, and tissue homeostasis.
  • TGF-beta signaling is critical for embryonic patterning, organ development, and stem cell regulation.
  • BMPs play key roles in skeletal development, bone and cartilage formation, and tissue repair.
  • Activins and inhibins are involved in reproductive functions, neural development, and immune cell regulation.
  • GDFs contribute to cell growth, differentiation, tissue regeneration, and organ homeostasis.

Schematic representation the role of TGF-β signaling pathway. Fig.2 Schematic representation the role of TGF-β signaling pathway. (Wang, H., et al., 2018)

We are committed to helping you achieve your scientific goals and make meaningful contributions to research on the roles of the various components of the TGF-beta superfamily and their role in disease. Contact us today to learn more about our products and resources.

References:

  1. Wang, H., Gong, X., Xu, J., & Xie, R. (2018). The Role of TGF-andbeta; in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy, 10, 345-350.
  2. Wrana JL. Signaling by the TGFβ superfamily. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013;5(10):a011197. Published 2013 Oct 1. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011197
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