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GPI

  • Official Full Name

    glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

  • Overview

    This gene encodes a member of the glucose phosphate isomerase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. In the cytoplasm, the gene product functions as a glycolytic enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase) that interconverts glucose-6-phophsate and fructose-6-phosphate. Extracellularly, the encoded protein (also referred to as neuroleukin) functions as a neurotrophic factor that promotes survival of skeletal motor neurons and sensory neurons, and as a lymphokine that induces immunoglobulin secretion. The encoded protein is also referred to as autocrine motility factor based on an additional function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and angiogenic factor. Defects in this gene are the cause of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and a severe enzyme deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and neurological impairment. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
  • Synonyms

    GPI; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; AMF; NLK; PGI; PHI; GNPI; SA36; SA-36; neuroleukin; oxoisomerase; sperm antigen 36; sperm antigen-36; phosphohexomutase; phosphosaccharomutase; phosphohexose isomerase; phosphoglucose isomerase; autocrine motility factor; hexosephosphate isomerase; glucose phosphate isomerase; hexose monophosphate isomerase;

  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Cell & Tissue Lysates
  • Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads
  • Chicken
  • Human
  • Mouse
  • Rat
  • E. coli
  • E.coli
  • HEK293
  • In Vitro Cell Free System
  • Mammalian Cell
  • Mammalian cells
  • Wheat Germ
  • Yeast
  • C
  • His
  • Flag
  • GST
  • His (Fc)
  • Avi
  • His|B2M
  • His|T7
  • N/A
  • N
Species Cat.# Product name Source (Host) Tag Protein Length Price
Human GPI-387H Active Recombinant Human GPI Protein, His-tagged E.coli His
Human GPI-27616TH Recombinant Human GPI, His-tagged E.coli His
Human GPI-480H Recombinant Human Glucose Phosphate Isomer, His-tagged E.coli His
Human GPI-28738TH Recombinant Human GPI, His-tagged E.coli His
Human GPI-5806HCL Recombinant Human GPI 293 Cell Lysate HEK293 N/A
Human GPI-009H Recombinant Human GPI Protein, His-tagged E.coli His 2-558
Human GPI-3928H Recombinant Human GPI Protein, GST-tagged E. coli GST Ala2-Gln558
Human GPI-059H Recombinant Human GPI Protein, His-tagged E. coli His 2-558
Human GPI-2343H Recombinant Human GPI Protein (Met263-Asn475), N-His tagged E.coli N-His Met263-Asn475
Human GPI-1010H Recombinant Human GPI Protein, His (Fc)-Avi-tagged HEK293 His (Fc)-Avi
Human GPI-621HFL Recombinant Full Length Human GPI Protein, C-Flag-tagged Mammalian cells Flag
Human GPI-2883H Recombinant Human Full length GPI protein(1-558 aa), C-His-tagged E. coli C-His 1-558 aa
Human GPI-5156H Recombinant Human GPI Protein, GST-tagged Wheat Germ GST
Human GPI-002H Recombinant Human GPI Protein, His-tagged E. coli His 1-434
Human GPI-5543HF Recombinant Full Length Human GPI Protein, GST-tagged In Vitro Cell Free System GST 558 amino acids
Human GPI-1010H-B Recombinant Human GPI Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads HEK293
Mouse GPI-2091M Recombinant Mouse GPI Protein (2-558 aa), His-B2M-tagged E.coli His/B2M 2-558 aa
Mouse Gpi-5419M Recombinant Mouse Gpi protein, His-tagged Yeast His 2-558aa
Rat GPI-2640R Recombinant Rat GPI Protein Mammalian Cell His
Rat Gpi-723R Recombinant Rat Gpi protein, His & T7-tagged E.coli His/T7 Thr335~Asp558 (Accession # Q6P6V0)
Rat GPI-2294R-B Recombinant Rat GPI Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads HEK293
Rat GPI-2294R Recombinant Rat GPI Protein, His (Fc)-Avi-tagged HEK293 His (Fc)-Avi
Chicken GPI-1280C Recombinant Chicken GPI Mammalian Cell His
  • Background
  • Quality Guarantee
  • Case Study
  • Involved Pathway
  • Protein Function
  • Interacting Protein
  • GPI Related Articles
  • GPI Related Research Area
GPI-7.jpg

Fig1. Overview model of central carbon metabolism and PG precursor synthesis. (Megan Keller, 2023)

What is GPI protein?

GPI (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase) gene is a protein coding gene which situated on the long arm of chromosome 19 at locus 19q13. This gene belongs to the GPI family whose members encode multifunctional phosphoglucose isomerase proteins involved in energy pathways. The protein encoded by this gene is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. The GPI protein is consisted of 558 amino acids and its molecular mass is approximately 63.1 kDa.

What is the function of GPI protein?

In the cytoplasm, GPI protein functions as a glycolytic enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase) that interconverts glucose-6-phophsate and fructose-6-phosphate. Extracellularly, it functions as a neurotrophic factor that promotes survival of skeletal motor neurons and sensory neurons, and as a lymphokine that induces immunoglobulin secretion. It is also referred to as autocrine motility factor based on an additional function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and angiogenic factor.

GPI Related Signaling Pathway

At present, there are no reports on the clear signaling pathway of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. However, based on the function of this enzyme, some signaling pathways that may be associated with it can be speculated.

1. Glucose metabolism pathway: GPI catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate; 2. Hexokinase reaction: In the process of glucose metabolism, fructose-6-phosphate, the product of GPI, may be further catalyzed by hexokinase to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. 3. Fibrosis-related pathways: Fibrosis-related signaling pathways such as TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB may be related to GPI.

GPI Related Diseases

Defects in this gene are the cause of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and a severe enzyme deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and hereditary erythrocytic enzyme disease. In addition, GPI is an indicator to assist in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Bioapplications of GPI

The detection of GPI has important clinical value for the diagnosis of some diseases. For example, in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), GPI tests show high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the level of GPI correlates with disease activity and decreases after infliximab treatment. In the field of biotechnology, GPI can be used as a catalyst for the production of biofuels and bioplastics.

Case Study 1: Christine U Vohwinkel, 2011

GPI-3.jpg

Fig1. Stable cell lines with GPI knockdown were generated (A549 cells), and cell death as LDH release was determined after exposure to high pCO2 in glucose medium for 3 days.

Case Study 2: Deepthi Uppalapati, 2011

GPI-4.jpg

Fig2. Detection of SULF-1, ADRP, and GPI in the culture medium by Western blot analysis.

GPI-5.jpg

Fig1. RHBDF1 function is essential to the maintenance of high levels of glycolytic enzymes, especially glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. (Lei Wang, 2023)

GPI-6.jpg

Fig2. The schematic diagram of α-farnesene biosynthetic pathways with NADPH and ATP regeneration pathway in Pichia pastoris. (Sheng-Ling Chen, 2023)

GPI involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways GPI participated on our site, such as Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis, Pentose phosphate pathway, Starch and sucrose metabolism, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with GPI were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

Pathway Name Pathway Related Protein
Glycolysis / GluconeogenesisPKLR;ADH7;ALDOA;G6PCA.2;PFKM;FBP1A;PGAM1A;LDHC;ADH2-2
Pentose phosphate pathwayFBP2;PFKM;ALDOA;RPE;PFKMA;GPIA;PRPS1;FBP1B;GPI
Starch and sucrose metabolismGBA3;PGM2L1;UGT1A6B;UGT1A3;ENPP1;PGM2;UGT2A3;GBE1;GYS1
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolismCHIT1;TSTA3;CMAS;PMM2;GMPPA;NPL;HEXA;GALT;GPR19
Metabolic pathwaysUROD;LPIN3;LSM1;IPMK;PGAM1A;CAD;B3GNT5B;GNS;CYP4F14
Carbon metabolismPKM;SDHDB;PRPS1A;H6PD;SUCLA2;GOT2A;AGXT;PGP;AGXTA

GPI has several biochemical functions, for example, cytokine activity, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity, growth factor activity. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by GPI itself. We selected most functions GPI had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with GPI. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function Related Protein
cytokine activityTNFSF13B;MSTNB;FAM3C;FAM3D;TNFRSF11B;GM13285;CMTM7;IL17D;TXLNA
glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activityGPR19;GPI1;GPIB;GPIA;GPI
growth factor activityINHA;GH1;PRL2C3;IL11;MSTNB;GMFG;CD320;CDNF;PGF
intramolecular transferase activityGPI;GPI1;GPR19
monosaccharide bindingRPIA;UPK1A;GPR19;GPI;PGLS;TALDO1;Siglece;FBP1;GPI1
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingHSPD1;MAP1LC3B;UQCRC1;UBE2KA;AMBRA1;TRIB3;ERBB2;POLR2A;VCL

GPI has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with GPI here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of GPI.

Bles03; Csnk1e; ere_dna; GABARAPL2; MAP1LC3B

Salem, D; Subang, R; et al. beta(2)-Glycoprotein I-specific T Cells Are Associated with Epitope Spread to Lupus-related Autoantibodies. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 590:5543-5554(2015).
Beigneux, AP; Fong, LG; et al. GPIHBP1 Missense Mutations Often Cause Multimerization of GPIHBP1 and Thereby Prevent Lipoprotein Lipase Binding. CIRCULATION RESEARCH 116:624-U152(2015).
  • Q&As
  • Reviews

Q&As (5)

Ask a question
How does the study of GPI protein contribute to understanding rare genetic disorders? 12/01/2020

Mutations in genes related to GPI protein synthesis can lead to rare genetic disorders, and studying GPI proteins helps in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these conditions.

Are there any side effects or risks associated with manipulating GPI protein levels for therapeutic purposes? 01/24/2019

Modulating GPI protein levels may have implications for cell function, and potential side effects and risks are part of ongoing research in therapeutic development.

How does the study of GPI protein contribute to understanding autoimmune diseases? 05/27/2017

Abnormalities in GPI-anchored proteins have been linked to autoimmune diseases, providing valuable information for understanding the underlying causes and potential treatment strategies.

In what ways does GPI protein impact cancer research and treatment? 11/05/2016

GPI proteins are implicated in cancer cell growth and metastasis, making them a target for cancer research and potential therapeutic strategies.

How does GPI protein contribute to neurological disorders, and what are its implications in clinical research? 06/05/2016

Abnormalities in GPI-anchored proteins have been linked to neurological disorders, making them a focus of clinical research for potential therapeutic interventions.

Customer Reviews (3)

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Reviews
11/25/2020

    Its impressive performance and diverse applications make it an invaluable tool for a wide range of research endeavors.

    02/25/2019

      The GPI Protein is a top-quality protein that perfectly meets the demands of my experimental requirements.

      09/25/2017

        The bands of proteins in Western Blotting experiments were very clear.

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