Creative Biomart Blog

Fri, 2019/05/10

The Application in Cancer Diagnosis of Exosomes

As we know, exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells. Therefore, exosomes have the characteristics of donor cells and have certain cell specificity. In a large number of studies on exosomes in cancer patients, it has been found that exosomes secreted by cancer cells have characteristic molecules that can be used to distinguish other exosomes, and can be used as molecular markers for cancer diagnosis. At present, the common molecular detection markers in exosomes that can be applied to cancer diagnosis mainly include two types: proteins and nucleic acids. . Exogenous protein markers

Fri, 2019/05/10

Overview of Formation and Function of Exosomes as well as The Important Role in The Occurrence and Deterioration of Cancer

In the early 1980s, researchers discovered exocytosis in normal cells or tumor cells cultured in vitro, and cells secreted vesicle structures with cell membrane characteristics in their culture medium. In 1983, Johnstone found that in vitro cultured sheep stromal erythrocytes excreted small vesicle structures containing transferrin receptors during maturation, they named the small vesicle structure released by the cell as an exosomes. Early detection of exocrine-secreting cells is mainly hematopoietic cell lines such as B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and platelets. As resear

Thu, 2019/04/04

New Study Reveals That Protein TRAIP is The Major Regulator of DNA Cross-linking Repair

In general, there are multiple pathways taken by cells to repair the same DNA damage, and the choice of repair pathway is important for maintaining genomic fidelity. Cross-linking between DNA strands covalently links two DNA strands together, thereby blocking DNA replication and transcription, chemotherapy takes effect by utilizing the cytotoxicity of these crosslinks. In Xenopus laevis egg extracts, the collision of the replication fork with the interstrand crosslinker initiated two different repair pathways. NEIL3 glycosylase is capable of cleaving cross-linkages between DNA strands;

Thu, 2019/04/04

Summary on The Status Quo and Future Development of Protein Modification Research

Protein post-translational modifications (PTM) include phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation etc. Protein expression is regulated by genomics and epigenetics, and after expression, it needs to be modified to different degrees to perform the required functions. PTM research is crucial. Here, let’s review the significant research in the field of protein modification in 2018. PNAS: Ubiquitin-like protein ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2) regulates ALS/FTD-linked FUS-RNA complex kinetics and stress granule formation The ubiquitin-like protein ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2) is genetically and pathologically asso

Mon, 2019/03/04

New Study Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Transcription Factor ‘Surveying’ The Genome of Cells

Transcription factors (TFs) are specific proteins that regulate gene expression, which can search for and bind specific regions in the entire genome to regulate gene expression. We all know that transcription factors not only bind to specific DNA sequences, but also bind non-specifically to any DNA strand. These non-specific associations can significantly increase the ability of transcription factors to find specific targets. However, researchers are not aware of how the efficiency of more than 1,500 transcription factors in the human body changes when scanning large numbers of genomes, locali

Sun, 2019/03/03

New Study Published on Science Discovered A Gene that Can Promote Sleep While Getting Sick

Humans spend nearly a third of their time sleeping, but sleep is still one of the most enduring mysteries in biology. So far, scientists don't know which genetic or molecular power is driving people to sleep. In a new study, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine discovered that a gene called Nemuri increased the need for sleep by studying more than 12,000 strains of fruit flies. Related research results are published in the journal of Science. As an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), NEMURI proteins resist bacteria with their inherent antibacterial acti

Tue, 2019/02/12

Revealing the Mechanism of Cancer Cells Spreading Through Hijacking of Immune Cells in vivo

In a new study, researchers from Queen Mary College, University of London, UK, discovered that molecules released from invasive skin cancer reprogram the healthy immune cells to help spread cancer. Targeting these molecules with inhibitory drugs may help prevent this invasive skin cancer from recurring after treatment. The results of the study were published in the Cell, entitled "Regional Activation of Myosin II in Cancer Cells Drives Tumor Progression via a Secretory Cross-Talk with the Immune Microenvironment." The researchers obtained cells from the margins of invasive melanoma in mouse

Tue, 2019/02/12

The Rhomboid Protease Breaks the "Cell Speed Limit" When Through the Cell Membrane

In a new study, researchers from Johns Hopkins University in the United States found that as a special protein that cleaves other proteins, rhomboid proteases can break the "cell speed limit" as they pass through the cell membrane. Rhomboid protease does this by distorting their surroundings, allowing them to slide quickly from one end of the cell membrane to the other. The results of the study were published in the issue of Science, entitled "Rhomboid distorts lipids to break the viscosity-imposed speed limit of membrane diffusion". The cell membrane is the phospholipid bilayer that surrou