How does the human body fight against tumor formation? The human immune system includes many kinds of immune cells, among which type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) are essential for effective anti-tumor immunity. It can recognize tumor antigen and induce the anti-tumor immune effect of CD8 + T cells. When cDC1 is absent, CD8 + T cell-driven tumor immunity will subside, and the therapeutic effect of CD8 + T cell…
A New Method of Rewriting the Genetic Code of Bacterial Genome Can Add Many Unnatural Amino Acids to the Protein At One Time
Almost all organisms build their proteins by combining 20 different amino acids. In order to add new amino acids to this combination, scientists have redesigned genes and other protein-building tools to produce proteins with unique chemical properties that are very helpful for the manufacture of drugs. However, this kind of research is time-consuming and laborious, and usually, only one new amino acid can be added at a time. Now,…
Foxp3 Mediates Immune Tolerance of Thymic Treg Cells through IL-2
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance. Most Treg cells express CD25 molecule, which has a high affinity with IL-2. After activation of CD25, it signals by inducing the activation of transcription factor STAT5. IL-2 plays a central role in many aspects of Treg cell biology. In addition to TCR signaling, IL-2 – STAT5 is also required to induce Foxp3…
Inhibition of TMEM16 Can Effectively Block the Production of Syncytia Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, it still seriously affects our lives. Therefore, the research on the pathogenesis of COVID19 and the development of related drugs will help to alleviate the epidemic situation and help to make our lives return to normal as soon as possible. Previous studies have shown that COVID19 is a disease with unique characteristics, including pulmonary thrombosis, frequent diarrhea, abnormal activation of inflammatory response and alveolar edema,…
Targeted Nucleotide Rescue Factor DNPH1 Can Improve the Sensitivity of Cancer Cells to PARP Inhibitors
Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. In clinical practice, these cancer patients often receive targeted poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors treatment. According to a recent study published in the journal Science, Stephen C. West from the Francis Crick Institute in the UK showed that inhibition of DNPH1, a protein that eliminates the cytotoxic nucleotide 5-hydroxymethyl-deoxyuridine (hmdU) monophosphate, enhances the…
Scientists May Be Able To Turn Off the Key Proteins in Cancer Cells That Depend On for Survival
In a research report entitled “Specific inhibition of the Survivin – CRM1 interaction by peptide modified molecular tweezers” published in the journal Nature Communications, scientists from Eisen University in Duisburg and other institutions revealed how to turn off the “survival protein” in cancer cells through research. Proteins can control almost all the key physiological processes in the body cells. If they do not function normally and become more or less,…
“New Partner” of PD-1 Antibody: Fusion of IL-21 Improves Anti-tumor Efficacy
PD-1 inhibitors restore the activity of tumor-responsive CD8 + T cells by eliminating the inhibition induced by PD-1 and PD-L1 interaction. This therapy has brought great changes to cancer treatment, but only a few patients can benefit from this therapy. There is evidence that the lack of effective T cell activation may be one of the reasons. In a study published in nature communications, researchers from the Institute of…
New Co-stimulatory Signal Enables CAR-T to Show Its Potential in the Treatment of Solid Tumors
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells (CAR-T therapy) is one of the major breakthroughs in the field of cancer treatment in recent years, and has achieved excellent results in the treatment of blood cancer. CAR is like a “GPS navigation system” for T cells, so that T cells can quickly locate tumor cells that are good at camouflage, so as to find and kill them. So far, two CAR-T…
AIM2 Can Regulate the Normal Function of T Cells and Play a Key Role in Reducing Autoimmune Diseases
Many of the molecules in our body help our immune system stay healthy without overreacting to cause problems for our immune cells, such as autoimmune diseases. There’s a molecule called AIM2 that’s part of the innate immune system that fights pathogens and keeps you healthy. However, little is known about the function of AIM2 in T cell adaptive immunity, which is an immune defense against specific pathogens and health problems…
Blocking the Effect of ATM / ATR on Serine tRNA Synthetase can Reduce Tumor Growth
Most organisms need oxygen to grow and develop, even cancerous tumors. That’s why in the absence of oxygen, tumors can easily grow new blood vessels, creating a new lifeline for survival. In a new study, researchers from Scripps Institute and Nankai University in China have pinpointed the molecular mechanisms that make this happen, and provided scientific insights, making it possible to develop drugs that help kill tumors and prevent…