Since the first deciphering of the genetic code in the 1960s, our genes have been like an open book, containing a blueprint for life that has become increasingly clear to scientists. By analyzing the base sequences on chromosomes, we can identify genes and understand how genetic variations affect health status. This fundamental law of life applies universally to all living organisms, from the smallest bacteria to complex humans. However,…
Hsp90 Inhibition Enhances the Ability of Domesticated Yeast to Metabolize Maltose and Maltotriose
Living systems rely on buffering mechanisms to maintain their robustness to genetic and environmental disturbances, a phenomenon known as “canalization”. One of the buffering mechanisms is the protein folding chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which can buffer disturbances during protein folding. Hsp90 can stabilize a series of proteins with direct adaptive functions; Reduce the impact of harmful mutations and allow them to accumulate in a latent state within the…
TGF–β and RAS Signaling Pathways Jointly Promote Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis
This is one of the main findings of a new study led by researchers at the Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK): TGF – β and RAS signaling pathways jointly promote the spread of lung adenocarcinoma, which is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Their research results in animal models indicate that removing one of these two signals prevents lung cancer from spreading (metastasizing) to new parts of the body….
The Main Messenger Molecule in the Fear Circuit of the Brain Is Neuropeptides, Not Neurotransmitters
When accidentally touch the hot wok handle, a sharp and alert signal immediately emanates from your fingertips, racing through the spinal cord and reaching the brainstem. Here, a team of specialized neurons take over the baton and transmit this pain information to a key area deep in the brain – the amygdala. This is the command center for emotional reactions, which will trigger your fear of heat and make you…
The Key Role of JUN Protein in Inhibiting the Growth of Human Liver Cancer
Yes related proteins (YAP) and their homologs, transcription co-activators carrying PDZ binding motifs (TAZ), are the main downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway. Recently, a research report titled “A non-canonical repressor function of JUN restrains YAP activity and liver cancer growth” was published in the journal EMBO Journal. Scientists from institutions such as the Fritz Lipmann Institute in Germany discovered an additional control mechanism that can prevent liver cancer…
The Mechanism of MICL Regulating Neutrophil NET Formation: Providing New Ideas for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system needs to control the immune response to maintain a balance between inhibiting infection and preventing excessive inflammation from damaging tissues. As the most numerous type of immune cells in the circulatory system, neutrophils play an important defense role against a large number of pathogens. At the same time, to maintain the balance of immune response, the antimicrobial response of neutrophils must be accurately regulated. Neutrophils are activated…
Why Does Aging Lead to Cancer? Chronic Inflammation Is Key
Researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have published a research paper titled “Hematopoietic aging promotes cancer by fueling IL-1⍺–driven emergency myelopoiesis” in the top international academic journal Science. This study suggests that regardless of the age of the matrix and tumor, the aging of the immune system can produce harmful inflammatory responses, thereby promoting cancer development. Blocking the inflammatory pathway (IL-1 ⍺/IL-1 β) can reverse…
FOXP3 Regulation: The Unique Molecular Mechanisms behind the Occurrence of Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases
More than 20 years ago, researchers at Yale University discovered a special type of T cell in the human body that can suppress the immune system. Later, they found that when defective, these so-called regulatory T cells can trigger some autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis (MS, multiple sclerosis). For many years, the molecular mechanisms behind this functional impairment have been unclear to researchers. Recently, a research report titled “An…
The Mechanism of Broad-Spectrum Anti Coronavirus Is Revealed By Capturing the Intermediate State of COVID-19 Spike Protein
Dr. Li Wenwei from Walther Mothes’ team at Yale University, along with doctoral students Michael Grunst and Dr. Qin Zhuan, published a research paper titled ” Structure and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike refolding in membranes” in the journal Science. In this study, the research team used Cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) to capture the structure of COVID-19 spike protein binding to the cell receptor ACE2 in the membrane, as well as the…
Ketogenic Diet Forces Pancreatic Cancer to Change Its Metabolic Mode, Exposing Fatal Flaws!
We have previously reported various anti-cancer methods of a ketogenic diet. For example, improving the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells to anticancer drugs; Reducing PD-L1 levels, and enhancing the anti-cancer effect of CTLA-4 inhibitors; And the ketone body β – hydroxybutyrate produced by the ketogenic diet directly inhibits the formation and development of colon cancer, and so on. Today, a research team led by Davide Ruggero from the…