Recombinant Human ACOX1

• Cat.No.: ACOX1-26477TH
• Product Overview: Recombinant full length Human ACOX1 with N-Terminal proprietary tag. Mol Wt 98.71 kDa inclusive of tag.

Specification

• Description: The protein encoded by this gene is the first enzyme of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway, which catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. It donates electrons directly to molecular oxygen, thereby producing hydrogen peroxide. Defects in this gene result in pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, a disease that is characterized by accumulation of very long chain fatty acids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
• Protein length: 660 amino acids
• Molecular Weight: 98.710kDa inclusive of tags
• Source: Wheat germ
• Form: Liquid
• Purity: Proprietary Purification
• Storage buffer: pH: 8.00Constituents:0.3% Glutathione, 0.79% Tris HCl
• Storage: Shipped on dry ice. Upon delivery aliquot and store at -80oC. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.
• Sequences of amino acids: MNPDLRRERDSASFNPELLTHILDGSPEKTRRRREIENMI LNDPDFQHEDLNFLTRSQRYEVAVRKSAIMVKKMREFGIA DPDEIMWFKNFVHRGRPEPLDLHLGMFLPTLLHQATAEQQ ERFFMPAWNLEIIGTYAQTEMGHGTHLRGLETIATYDPET QEFILNSPTVTSIKWWPGGLGKTSNHAIVLAQLITKGKCY GLHAFIVPIREIGTHKPLPGITVGDIGPKFGYDEIDNGYL KMDNHRIPRENMLMKYAQVKPDGTYVKPLSNKLTYGTMVF VRSFLVGEAARALSKACTIAIRYSAVRHQSEMKPGEPEPQ ILDFQTQQYKLFPLLATAYAFQFVGAYMKETYHRINEGIG QGDLSELPELHALTAGLKAFTSWTANTGIEACRMACGGHG YSHCSGLPNIYVNFTPSCTFEGENTVMMLQTARFLMKSYD QVHSGKLVCGMVSYLNDLPSQRIQPQQVAVWPTMVDINSP ESLTEAYKLRAARLVEIAAKNLQKEVIHRKSKEVAWNLTS VDLVRASEAHCHYVVVKLFSEKLLKIQDKAIQAVLRSLCL LYSLYGISQNAGDFLQGSIMTEPQITQVNQRVKELLTLIR SDAVALVDAFDFQDVTLGSVLGRYDGNVYENLFEWAKNSP LNKAEVHESYKHLKSLQSKL
• Sequence Similarities: Belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: ACOX1 acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoyl [ Homo sapiens ]
• Official Symbol: ACOX1
• Synonyms: ACOX1; acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoyl; acyl Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl; peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; PALMCOX
• Gene ID: 51
• mRNA Refseq: NM_001185039
• Protein Refseq: NP_001171968
• MIM: 609751
• Uniprot ID: Q15067
• Chromosome Location: 17q25.1
• Pathway: Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, organism-specific biosystem; Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, organism-specific biosystem; Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, conserved biosystem; Fatty acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem; Fatty acid metabolism, conserved biosystem
• Function: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity; acyl-CoA oxidase activity; acyl-CoA oxidase activity; acyl-CoA oxidase activity; flavin adenine dinucleotide binding

Q&As

What are some potential therapeutic applications of ACOX1 in human medicine?

ACOX1 has potential therapeutic applications in treating metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease. By enhancing ACOX1 activity or expression, it may be possible to increase fatty acid β-oxidation and reduce the accumulation of lipids in tissues. Additionally, modulating ACOX1 expression or activity may also have implications for cancer therapy, as ACOX1 has been shown to play a role in the proliferation and survival of certain cancer cells.

Is ACOX1 expressed in all tissues?

ACOX1 expression is highest in tissues that have high rates of β-oxidation, such as liver, kidney, and heart. However, it is also expressed in other tissues, such as muscle, adipose tissue, and brain, albeit at lower levels. The expression of ACOX1 can also be regulated by various factors, such as nutrient status and hormonal signaling.

Are there any drugs or compounds that target ACOX1 for therapeutic purposes?

There are currently no drugs or compounds approved by the FDA that specifically target ACOX1 for therapeutic purposes. However, some studies have identified potential compounds that could modulate ACOX1 activity, such as perhexiline and bezafibrate. These compounds have been shown to increase fatty acid oxidation and reduce lipid accumulation in animal models, and further research is needed to determine their potential efficacy in human patients.

Can a genetic mutation in ACOX1 cause disease or affect metabolism?

Yes, mutations in the ACOX1 gene have been associated with various peroxisomal disorders, such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and Refsum disease. These mutations can impair the function of ACOX1 and lead to a buildup of long-chain fatty acids, which can cause neurological, liver, and other health problems.

How can ACOX1 be used in food production and agriculture?

ACOX1 may have applications in food production and agriculture for improving the quality and nutritional content of crops. For example, increasing ACOX1 expression may lead to increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids in plant oils, which are considered to be healthier for human consumption than saturated fatty acids. Additionally, ACOX1 may play a role in the biosynthesis of plant hormones, such as jasmonates, which can affect plant growth and response to stress.

Are there any ethical issues surrounding the use of ACOX1 in food production and agriculture?

There may be ethical concerns related to the use of genetic engineering techniques to modify ACOX1 expression and other metabolic pathways in crops. Some people may view the use of genetic engineering as potentially harmful to the environment, and there may be questions about the safety and long-term effects of consuming crops that have been genetically modified. Additionally, there may be questions about the potential impact of these modifications on biodiversity and sustainable agriculture.

Is there any research on the role of ACOX1 in cancer?

Some studies have suggested that ACOX1 may play a role in the progression and metastasis of certain types of cancer. For example, decreased expression of ACOX1 has been associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer and breast cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood and more research is needed to determine the exact role of ACOX1 in cancer biology.

Can ACOX1 be used as a biomarker for certain diseases or conditions?

ACOX1 levels and activity may serve as a biomarker for certain diseases or conditions, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetic neuropathy. In patients with NAFLD, ACOX1 activity has been shown to be reduced, indicating a potential role for ACOX1 in the pathogenesis of this condition. Similarly, ACOX1 expression has been linked to the development and progression of diabetic neuropathy, suggesting that it could serve as a marker for this complication in diabetic patients.

How might the study of ACOX1 contribute to the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders?

Understanding the role of ACOX1 in fatty acid metabolism and its dysregulation in metabolic disorders could lead to the development of new therapies that target this pathway. For example, identifying compounds that selectively inhibit or activate ACOX1 could have therapeutic potential for treating peroxisomal disorders, while targeting downstream enzymes in the β-oxidation pathway may be beneficial in other conditions such as fatty liver disease.

Could ACOX1 be used as a biomarker for certain metabolic disorders?

Yes, ACOX1 expression has been shown to be altered in various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, ACOX1 could potentially be used as a biomarker for these conditions, although further research is needed to validate its diagnostic and prognostic utility.

Are there any other enzymes or proteins that work closely with ACOX1 in fatty acid metabolism?

Yes, ACOX1 is part of a larger complex of peroxisomal enzymes and proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. Other enzymes in this pathway include acyl-CoA synthetase, which activates fatty acids by adding coenzyme A, and several enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of long-chain fatty acids into two-carbon fragments. Additionally, the proteins PEX5 and PEX7 are required for the import of fatty acyl-CoAs into peroxisomes, where ACOX1 and other enzymes in the pathway are located.

Could the inhibition or activation of ACOX1 be used as a therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders?

ACOX1 inhibition has been suggested as a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of certain disorders characterized by defective peroxisomal β-oxidation, such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Activating ACOX1 could also be beneficial in conditions where increased β-oxidation is desired, such as in situations of high-energy demand. However, more research is needed to determine the feasibility and safety of manipulating ACOX1 activity in clinical settings.

Are there any drugs or compounds currently available that target ACOX1?

There are currently no drugs or compounds approved for therapeutic use that directly target ACOX1. However, some compounds have been identified that can modulate ACOX1 activity, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist fenofibrate, which has been shown to increase ACOX1 expression and activity.