Recombinant Human APOBEC3D, His-tagged

• Cat.No.: APOBEC3D-9756H
• Product Overview: Recombinant Human APOBEC3D protein, fused to His-tag, was expressed in E.coli and purified by Ni-sepharose.

Specification

• Description: This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of a group of related genes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1 and inhibit retroviruses, such as HIV, by deaminating cytosine residues in nascent retroviral cDNA.
• Source: E.coli
• Species: Human
• Tag: His
• Protein length: 162-271a.a.
• Storage: The protein is stored in PBS buffer at -20℃. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing cycles.
• Storage Buffer: 1M PBS (58mM Na2HPO4,17mM NaH2PO4, 68mM NaCl, pH8. ) added with 300mM Imidazole and 0.7% Sarcosyl, 15%glycerol.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: APOBEC3D apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3D [ Homo sapiens ]
• Official Symbol: APOBEC3D
• Synonyms: APOBEC3D; apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3D; APOBEC3E, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide like 3D (putative) , apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide like 3E pseudogene; probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3D; ARP6; probable DNA dC-> dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3D; DNA dC-> apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3E pseudogene; APOBEC3E; APOBEC3DE
• Gene ID: 140564
• mRNA Refseq: NM_152426
• Protein Refseq: NP_689639
• MIM: 609900
• UniProt ID: Q96AK3
• Chromosome Location: 22q13.1
• Function: hydrolase activity; hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines; metal ion binding; zinc ion binding

Reviews

01/17/2019

The APOBEC3D protein's reliability and ease of use have made it an essential component of my structural investigations.

07/04/2016

To summarize, the APOBEC3D protein is a highly recommended asset for various research endeavors, including ELISA, protein electron microscopy structure analysis, and Western blotting.

05/25/2016

The protein bands detected were exceptionally distinct, enabling easy interpretation and accurate analysis of protein expression patterns.

01/02/2016

This level of sensitivity and specificity has streamlined my research and allowed for precise protein characterization.

Q&As

Can APOBEC3D induce DNA mutations in human cells?

APOBEC3D has been identified as a potential DNA mutator in human cells. It can catalyze the deamination of cytosine residues in single-stranded DNA, leading to C-to-U (uracil) mutations.

What cellular mechanisms control the substrate specificity of APOBEC3D?

The substrate specificity of APOBEC3D is influenced by multiple factors, including cellular context, cofactors, and structural determinants. Interactions with other cellular proteins, as well as post-translational modifications, may play a role in determining its substrate selectivity.

Can APOBEC3D contribute to the development of drug resistance in cancer?

APOBEC3D-mediated mutagenesis has been linked to the generation of genetic diversity, possibly contributing to drug resistance in certain cancer types. However, the exact mechanisms and extent of APOBEC3D's involvement in drug resistance are still being investigated.

Are there any known inhibitors or activators of APOBEC3D?

Currently, there are no specific inhibitors or activators that directly target APOBEC3D. However, compounds or strategies that regulate APOBEC3D expression or interfere with its interaction partners could potentially modulate its activity.

Are there any diseases associated with APOBEC3D dysregulation?

The dysregulation of APOBEC3D has not been extensively studied in relation to specific diseases. However, given its potential mutational activity, alterations in APOBEC3D expression or function could potentially contribute to disease development or progression.

How is APOBEC3D different from APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B?

APOBEC3D shares structural similarity and functions with other APOBEC3 proteins but has distinct properties and expression patterns. APOBEC3A is mainly expressed in monocytes/macrophages, while APOBEC3B is upregulated in a variety of cancers. APOBEC3D has tissue-specific expression and may have unique roles.

Does APOBEC3D have any physiological functions beyond antiviral defense?

While APOBEC3D's main role lies in antiviral defense, emerging evidence suggests its involvement in other biological processes, such as spermatogenesis, embryo development, and placental functions. Further research is needed to fully elucidate these functions.

Is APOBEC3D expressed in all tissues?

APOBEC3D expression is tissue-specific and has been found to be predominantly expressed in the testis and placenta. Its expression in other tissues is relatively low or absent.

Are there any known disease associations with APOBEC3D mutations?

At present, there are no known disease associations specifically linked to APOBEC3D mutations. However, studies investigating the impact of APOBEC3D mutations in the context of specific diseases may provide further insights.

How is APOBEC3D regulated in the cell?

The expression of APOBEC3D can be regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional control, post-transcriptional modifications, and protein-protein interactions. Various cellular factors and signaling pathways may influence its expression and activity.

Does APOBEC3D have any role in HIV infection?

APOBEC3D has been shown to inhibit the replication of HIV-1, a retrovirus, in certain cell types. However, HIV has developed countermeasures, such as the Vif protein, to neutralize the antiviral effects of APOBEC3D.

Are there any genetic polymorphisms associated with APOBEC3D?

Studies have identified genetic variations or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APOBEC3D gene. However, their functional implications or associations with diseases are not yet well-established.

Does APOBEC3D have any interactions with other cellular proteins?

APOBEC3D has been shown to interact with other APOBEC3 family members, such as APOBEC3G. These interactions suggest potential functional crosstalk and regulation among different APOBEC3 proteins.

How does APOBEC3D differ from other APOBEC3 proteins?

APOBEC3D shares structural similarities with other APOBEC3 proteins but has unique sequence characteristics. It possesses a highly conserved catalytic domain, which is responsible for its cytidine deaminase activity.

Can APOBEC3D affect the genome integrity of host cells?

APOBEC3D has the potential to induce DNA mutations, including cytidine deamination and subsequent editing, leading to genomic instability. However, the extent to which APOBEC3D contributes to genome alterations in normal cells and its possible implications in disease progression require further investigation.

What are the structural features of APOBEC3D that contribute to its function?

APOBEC3D contains a zinc-coordinating domain, known as the catalytic domain, which is essential for its cytidine deaminase activity. Additionally, it has a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) that may be involved in its subcellular localization.

Can APOBEC3D be targeted for therapeutic interventions?

Targeting APOBEC3D specifically for therapeutic interventions is still an area of ongoing research. Modulation of its activity may hold potential for combating certain viral infections or diseases driven by excessive mutagenesis.