NCR1
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Official Full Name
natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1
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Overview
Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR1 gene. NCR1 has also been designated as CD335 (cluster of differentiation 335). -
Synonyms
NCR1; natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1; LY94, lymphocyte antigen 94 (mouse) homolog (activating NK receptor; NK p46); CD335; NK p46; NKP46; FLJ99094; hNKp46; Ly94; Lymphocyte antigen 94; Lymphocyte antigen 94 homolog (activating NK receptor; Lymphocyte antigen 94 homolog; Natural killer cell p46-related protein; NCT1; NCTR1_HUMAN; NK cell activating receptor; NK cell-activating receptor; NK-p46; lymphocyte antigen 94 homolog (activating NK-receptor; NK-p46);
- Recombinant Proteins
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- Cynomolgus
- Cynomolgus Monkey
- Homo sapiens (Human)
- Human
- Mouse
- Rat
- Rhesus Macaque
- Rhesus monkey
- E.coli
- E.coli expression system
- HEK293
- HEK293T
- Human Cell
- Mammalian Cell
- Mammalian cells
- C
- Fc
- hFc
- Fc Chimera
- Avi
- hIgG1
- hIgG4
- His
- His (Fc)
- His|T7
- Flag
- human|IgG1|Fc
- lFc
- Myc
- DDK
- Myc|DDK
- N/A
- T7|His
- Background
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- Case Study
- Involved Pathway
- Protein Function
- Interacting Protein
- NCR1 Related Articles
- NCR1 Related Research Area
Fig1. Overview of individual NCR domain structures. NKp46 (yellow) has two Ig-like domains. (Alexander David Barrow, 2019)
What is NCR1 protein?
NCR1 (natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1) gene is a protein coding gene which situated on the long arm of chromosome 19 at locus 19q13. NCR1 is a protein that is mainly expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are part of the immune system and are essential for recognizing and killing infected or mutated cells, such as cancer cells. NCR1 is a transmembrane protein whose extracellular portion contains multiple immunoglobulin-like domains. The NCR1 protein is consisted of 304 amino acids and its molecular mass is approximately 34.5 kDa.
What is the function of NCR1 protein?
NCR1 activates NK cells by recognizing their ligands, such as certain molecules expressed on the cell surface, triggering an immune response against infectious pathogens, tumor cells, and damaged normal cells. The function of NCR1 is involved in promoting the secretion of cytotoxins from NK cells, such as perforin and granzidase, and producing multiple cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which enhances the immune response and is involved in regulating immune surveillance and anti-tumor response.
NCR1 Related Signaling Pathway
The signaling pathway involved in NCR1 is mainly involved in cell recognition and clearance, especially for virus-infected cells and certain tumor cells. When NCR1 binds to its ligand, it activates downstream signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Activation of these pathways further promotes degranulation of NK cells, releasing cytotoxins such as perforin and granzidase, leading to apoptosis of target cells. In addition, NCR1 can also work synergistically with other NK cell receptors, such as CD16 and NKG2D, to enhance the cytotoxic effects of NK cells.
NCR1 Related Diseases
Mutations in the NCR1 gene are associated with a variety of diseases, including: Inherited NCR1 deficiency, a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which patients are susceptible to infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies due to abnormalities in NK cell function caused by mutations in the NCR1 gene. Other autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS) have been associated.
Bioapplications of NCR1
In recent years, this protein has become the focus of cancer immunotherapy and drug development. Researchers are exploring the use of NCR1 agonists or its signaling pathway modulators to enhance the activity of NK cells, thereby providing new strategies for cancer treatment. At the same time, antibodies against NCR1 are also being studied for targeted therapies to improve the selective killing effect of tumor cells.
High Purity
Fig1. SDS-PAGE (NCR1-897H) (PROTOCOL for western blot)
High Bioactivity
Fig2. Activity Data. (NCR1-897H)
Case study 1: Chiyuki Ueshima, 2015
NKp46 (natural cytotoxic receptor 1/CD335) is expressed on natural killer cells and Th2-type innate lymphocytes. However, NKp46 expression in human mast cells has not yet been reported. Here, the researchers explored the expression of, and possible role played by, NKp46 in such cells. NKp46 protein was expressed in human mast cells in urticaria pigmentosa principally of the tryptase-positive/chymase-negative type (MCT), but not in human non-neoplastic skin mast cells of the tryptase-positive/chymase-positive (MCTC) type. NKp46 expression was also evident in the human neoplastic mast cell line HMC1.2. NKp46 knockdown changed the phenotype of this cell line from MCT to MCTC and downregulated GrB production, but did not influence IL-22 production. An agonistic anti-NKp46 antibody upregulated production of GrB and IL-22, but did not change the MCT-like phenotype of HMC1.2 cells. NKp46 was thus involved in the production of serine proteases and IL-22 in human mast cells.
Fig1. Flow cytometric analysis showed NKp46 protein expression in the human cultured neoplastic mast cell line HMC1.2.
Case study 2: Pascal F Durrenberger, 2012
Pathogenic or regulatory effects of natural killer (NK) cells are implicated in many autoimmune diseases, but evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its murine models remains equivocal. In an effort to illuminate this, the researchers have here analysed expression of the prototypic NK cell marker, NCR1 (natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor; NKp46; CD335), an activating receptor expressed by virtually all NK cells and therefore considered a pan-marker for NK cells. In this study, the researchers investigated whether there were differences in NCR1+ cells in the peripheral blood of MS patients and whether NCR1+ cells are present in white matter lesions.
NCR1 transcripts were increased more than 5 times in active disease lesions. However when they performed immunohistochemical staining of this tissue, few NCR1+ NK cells were identified. Rather, the major part of NCR1 expression was localised to astrocytes, and was considerably more pronounced in MS patients than controls. In order to further validate de novo expression of NCR1 in astrocytes, they used an in vitro staining of the human astrocytoma U251 cell line grown to model whether cell stress could be associated with expression of NCR1. They found up-regulation of NCR1 expression in U251 cells at both the mRNA and protein levels.
Fig3. Immunoreactivity was quantified and a significant increase (p = 0.0003) in WML (4.945 ± 1.174) compared to controls (0.801 ± 0.27) was found when conducting a Mann Whitney test.
Fig1. NKp46 has an extracellular portion characterized by two Ig-C2 like domains. (R Biassoni, 2003)
Fig2. Expression of the NCRs and their Ligands. NKp30 and NKp46 are expressed by resting (pink) as well as activated (orange) NK cells. (Alexander David Barrow, 2019)
NCR1 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways NCR1 participated on our site, such as Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with NCR1 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.
Pathway Name | Pathway Related Protein |
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Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | HLA-A;ULBP3;FAS;HLA-G;Raet1c;Fasl;ITGB2;GZMB;IFNG |
NCR1 has several biochemical functions, for example, receptor signaling protein activity. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by NCR1 itself. We selected most functions NCR1 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with NCR1. You can find most of the proteins on our site.
Function | Related Protein |
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receptor signaling protein activity | RGS14;DOK1;DOK4;ARF1;CD3E;NSMAF;PDCL;RGS14A;RAF1A |
NCR1 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with NCR1 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of NCR1.
- Q&As
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Q&As (6)
Ask a questionIn some cancer immunotherapies, the expression level of NCR1 protein may affect the efficacy of the treatment. High levels of NCR1 expression may predict a better prognosis.
Inhibition of NCR1 expression by gene knockout technology can alleviate the symptoms of autoimmune diseases and provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
There are currently no drugs that directly target the NCR1 protein, but there are some drugs that can affect the activity of the immune system and thus indirectly affect the expression level of the NCR1 protein.
Yes, there are polymorphisms in the NCR1 gene, some of which may increase an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases such as inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases.
There are currently no specific antibodies or drugs against the NCR1 protein, but there are some studies that are exploring the development of therapies against the NCR1 protein.
The function and mechanism of action of NCR1 protein can be studied by gene knockout or knockdown techniques. In addition, techniques such as protein spectroscopy can be used to identify proteins that interact with NCR1 proteins and their sites of action.
Customer Reviews (3)
Write a reviewIn drug screening experiments, it was found that it had good selectivity for specific disease-related targets.
It has been observed in cell culture experiment that it can promote the growth and proliferation of cells.
It has a wide range of applications and can be used in various biological experiments.
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