SNAP23

Case study 1: Fumie Mitani, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) formed within multivesicular bodies (MVBs), often referred to as small EV (sEV) or exosomes, are aberrantly produced by cancer cells and regulate the tumor microenvironment. The tyrosine kinase c-Src is upregulated in a wide variety of human cancers and is involved in promoting sEV secretion, suggesting its role in malignant progression. In this study, the researchers found that activated Src liberated synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23), a SNARE molecule, from lipid rafts to non-rafts on cellular membrane. They also demonstrated that SNAP23 localized in non-rafts induced cholesterol downregulation and ILV formation, resulting in the upregulation of sEV production in c-Src-transformed cells. Furthermore, the contribution of the SNAP23-cholesterol axis on sEV upregulation was confirmed in pancreatic cancer cells. High SNAP23 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Fig1. Total cell lysate from c-Src transformed Csk−/− cells expressing control (−) or SNAP23 pooled siRNA (siSNAP23) with or without si-resistant human SNAP23.

Fig2. DRMs and non-DRMs of cells were separated on sucrose density gradients. Aliquots of the fractions were immunoblotted with SNAP23 antibody.

Case study 2: Qi Sun, 2016

Ovarian cancer (OC) was the primary malignant gynecological cancer and SNARE protein is closely related with tumor progression. Here, the researchers identified SNAP23, a member of SNARE complex, as a potential oncogene in OC. They determined the expression of SNAP23 in OC tissues and explored the clinical significance through bioinformatics analysis. The effects of SNAP23 on OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis were then evaluated in vitro. SNAP23 knock down increases cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion of OC cells. GO analysis reveals that most genes correlated highly with SNAP23 were enriched in metabolic process. These data suggest that SNAP23 may serve as an oncogene promoting tumorigenicity of OC cells by decreasing apoptotic process.

Fig3. Both of two designed siRNAs showed favorable inhibition, and siRNA1 had a better efficiency.

Fig4. Si-SNAP23 impaired migration as compared with NC group in wound healing assay.

Fig1. Schematic model of SNAP23 role in regulating sEV production. (Fumie Mitani, 2022)

Fig2. Schematic illustration of the mechanism by which EV TNF-α promotes metastasis in CRC. (Bo-Wen Xie, 2023)

SNAP23 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways SNAP23 participated on our site, such as SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, Platelet activation, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with SNAP23 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

SNAP23 has several biochemical functions, for example, SNAP receptor activity, protein binding, syntaxin binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by SNAP23 itself. We selected most functions SNAP23 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with SNAP23. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

SNAP23 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with SNAP23 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of SNAP23.

STX11; VAMP3; NAPB; NAPA; ZDHHC17; NSF; VAMP7; PHF20L1