Creative BioMart to Present at BPS 2025 Annual Meeting | February 15-19, 2025

Chemokines & Receptors

Available Resources for Chemokines & Receptors Research

Creative BioMart is the premier destination for all your research requirements concerning chemokines and receptors. Our wide selection of meticulously crafted products and tailored services are aimed at aiding you in exploring the intricate realm of chemokines and receptors and their crucial significance in diverse physiological functions.

  • Our product range comprises of premium-grade recombinant proteins, native proteins, GMP proteins, protein pre-coupled magnetic beads, cell and tissue lysates, chromatography reagents, assay kits, and others.
  • Additionally, we provide an abundance of resources on chemokines and receptors, offering valuable insights into topics like associated pathways, protein functionalities, interaction proteins, related gene family, and related research area.

About Chemokines & Receptors

Chemokines and their receptors play a crucial role in the immune system and various physiological processes by regulating the migration and activation of immune cells. Here's an introduction to chemokines and their receptors:

Chemokines

Chemokines are a family of small proteins or peptides that act as signaling molecules. They are primarily secreted by various cells, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, in response to inflammation, infection, and tissue damage. Chemokines are involved in cell communication and recruitment, directing the movement of immune cells to specific sites within the body.

Chemokines are classified into different subfamilies based on the arrangement of their conserved cysteine residues. The main subfamilies of chemokines include:

  • C (or XC) Chemokines: These chemokines have one amino acid separating the first two cysteine residues. C chemokines are involved in a wide range of functions, including chemotaxis of lymphocytes and neutrophils, angiogenesis, and wound healing.
  • CC (or β) Chemokines: CC chemokines have adjacent cysteine residues. They are crucial for the recruitment and activation of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. CC chemokines are involved in various immune processes, such as inflammation, immune cell trafficking, and the formation of lymphoid tissues.
  • CX3C (or δ) Chemokines: CX3C chemokines have three amino acids separating the first two cysteine residues. The sole member of this subfamily is CX3CL1 (fractalkine), which plays a role in cell adhesion and migration, particularly in interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells.
  • CXC (or α) Chemokines: CXC chemokines have one amino acid separating the first two cysteine residues, and they often contain a glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) motif near the N-terminus. CXC chemokines are primarily involved in neutrophil chemotaxis, but they also regulate other immune cell types and participate in angiogenesis and tissue repair processes.

Chemokine families.Fig.1 Chemokine families. Chemokines are classified into four distinct subclasses: C, CC, CXC, and CX3C according to the number and spacing of their cysteine residues in their N terminus. Cys cysteine residue, X amino acid residue, disulfide bridges are shown as dotted lines. (Sowa JE, et al., 2021)

Chemokine Receptors

Chemokine receptors are cell surface receptors that bind to chemokines and transmit signals into the cells. They belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and have seven transmembrane domains, and are expressed on various immune cells, as well as non-immune cells. Upon chemokine binding, these receptors activate intracellular signaling pathways, leading to cell migration, adhesion, and other cellular responses.
Chemokine receptors are named based on the subfamily of chemokines they interact with. Some examples include:

  • CXC Chemokine Receptors: CXC chemokine receptors, such as CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR4, bind to CXC chemokines. They are involved in neutrophil chemotaxis, T cell migration, angiogenesis, and stem cell mobilization.
  • CC Chemokine Receptors: CC chemokine receptors, including CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR7, interact with CC chemokines. They regulate the migration and activation of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. CC chemokine receptors play crucial roles in inflammation, immune cell trafficking, and lymphoid tissue organization.
  • CX3C Chemokine Receptor: CX3CR1 is the sole receptor for the CX3C chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine). It is involved in cell adhesion, migration, and modulation of immune responses.

Other chemokine receptors exist for specific chemokines and subfamilies, each with its unique functions and cell type specificity.

Chemokines and their receptors are essential for orchestrating immune responses, regulating inflammation, and maintaining immune cell homeostasis. They play crucial roles in immune cell recruitment, positioning, and activation at sites of infection, inflammation, and tissue repair.

Understanding the functions and interactions of chemokines and their receptors provides insights into the immune system's dynamics and opens avenues for therapeutic interventions and targeting immune-related diseases.

Mammalian chemokine receptors and their known interactions with chemokines and other key secreted, cell surface, and pathogen-encoded molecules.Fig.2 Mammalian chemokine receptors and their known interactions with chemokines and other key secreted, cell surface, and pathogen-encoded molecules. (Hughes CE, et al., 2018)

Functions of Chemokines and Their Receptors

Chemokines and their receptors have diverse functions in the immune system and other physiological processes. Here are some key functions of chemokines and their receptors:

  • Cell Migration and Chemotaxis: One of the primary functions of chemokines and their receptors is to guide the migration of immune cells to specific tissues and sites within the body. Chemokines act as chemoattractants, signaling cells to move towards higher concentrations of chemokines. Chemokine receptors on immune cells detect these chemokine gradients and initiate cellular migration and chemotaxis. This process is crucial for immune cell recruitment during inflammation, immune surveillance, and immune responses against infections.
  • Immune Cell Activation and Effector Functions: Chemokines can also activate immune cells and modulate their functions. Binding of chemokines to their receptors triggers intracellular signaling cascades, leading to cellular activation, proliferation, and release of various effector molecules. For example, chemokines can induce the activation and degranulation of mast cells, enhance the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells, and promote the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells.
  • Immune Cell Trafficking and Homing: Chemokines and their receptors regulate the trafficking and homing of immune cells to specific tissues and organs. Different chemokines are produced in distinct tissues, creating chemotactic gradients that guide immune cell migration. Chemokine receptors expressed on immune cells enable them to respond to these tissue-specific chemokines and navigate towards the appropriate sites. This process is crucial for immune cell surveillance, immune cell positioning within lymphoid tissues, and immune responses in specific organs.
  • Inflammation and Immune Response Regulation: Chemokines play a pivotal role in orchestrating inflammatory responses. They regulate the recruitment and activation of immune cells to sites of infection, injury, or inflammation. Chemokines can promote the migration of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes to the inflamed areas, aiding in the clearance of pathogens and the resolution of inflammation. Additionally, chemokines and their receptors help regulate the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, contributing to immune response modulation and tissue repair.
  • Development and Homeostasis: Chemokines and their receptors are involved in various developmental processes, including embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue patterning. They guide the migration of cells during development, ensuring proper tissue formation and organ architecture. Chemokines also play a role in maintaining immune cell homeostasis by regulating immune cell survival, proliferation, and turnover.
  • Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair: Chemokines are implicated in promoting angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. They contribute to the recruitment and activation of endothelial cells, facilitating the growth of blood vessels in tissues. Chemokines also participate in tissue repair processes by attracting immune cells and promoting their interactions with resident cells, aiding in the regeneration of damaged tissues.

It's important to note that the functions of chemokines and their receptors can vary depending on the specific chemokine-receptor pair, the cell types involved, and the context of the immune response or physiological process. The intricate interplay between chemokines and their receptors is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system and maintaining tissue homeostasis.

Functions of chemokines and their receptors.Fig.3 Functions of chemokines and their receptors. (Hughes CE, et al., 2018)

If you have any questions, requirements, or cooperation intentions, please feel free to contact us. We very much look forward to working with you and helping you achieve research and commercial success.

Related References

  1. Sowa JE, Tokarski K. Cellular, synaptic, and network effects of chemokines in the central nervous system and their implications to behavior. Pharmacol Rep. 2021;73(6):1595-1625.
  2. Hughes CE, Nibbs RJB. A guide to chemokines and their receptors. FEBS J. 2018;285(16):2944-2971.
logo

FOLLOW US

Terms and Conditions        Privacy Policy

Copyright © 2025 Creative BioMart. All Rights Reserved.

Contact Us

  • /
  • Service lnquiry:

Stay Updated on the Latest Bioscience Trends