What is GAD1 Protein

GAD1, or Glutamate Decarboxylase 1, is a protein imperatively encoded by the GAD1 gene in humans. The discovery of this protein, carried out during the late 20th century, has dramatically impacted advancements within the biomedical and neuroscience communities. GAD1 finds its gene locus amidst the short (p) arm of chromosome 2 at position 31. It was recognized as a mysterious gene endowed with the potential to synthesize a key neurotransmitter known as gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), elucidating new norms in neurological research.

Protein Structure

The GAD1 protein, as a polypeptide, constitutes approximately 594 amino acids. The multi-functional enzyme is constituted with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) at its core, embedded as a co-factor. Made of twelve exons and eleven introns, the GAD1 gene is expressed in two forms – GAD67 and GAD25, with GAD67 being the predominantly expressed variant.

GAD1 – Wikipedia

Function of GAD1 Protein

GAD1 is vastly instrumental in synthesizing GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. Interestingly, GABA's inhibitory function, driven by GAD1, ensures a balance of excitation and inhibition within the brain. As such, GAD1 plays an integral part in orchestrating the cognitive, perceptual, and motor aspects of brain function.

GAD1 Protein-Related Signal Pathway

Understanding the GAD1 protein-related signaling pathways is imperative for comprehending its role in neuropathological conditions. GAD1 operates through GABAergic synapses, directly feeding neurotransmission in the brain. In simpler terms, GAD1 transcription initiates GABA synthesis, which is then package into synaptic vesicles. Upon action potential, these vesicles release GABA into the synapse, triggering a tranquilizing effect on the post-synaptic neuron.

GAD1 Protein-Related Diseases

Decoding the GAD1 protein becomes essential as the disruption in its function has been associated with a plethora of mental and neurological disorders. Given its critical contribution to GABA synthesis, disruption in the functionality of GAD1 can lead to abnormalities in inhibitory synaptic transmission, which is consequentially linked with epilepsy. Moreover, polymorphisms in the GAD1 gene have been associated with a predisposition to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Concurrently, other studies have mentioned a questionable association with type 1 diabetes, given GAD1's presence in pancreatic beta cells.

GAD1 Protein's Applications in Biomedical

The GAD1 protein has vast significance within the biomedical arena due to its influence on the GABAergic signaling pathway, rendering it a potential target for therapeutics. Drugs aiming to modulate GABA levels can exploit GAD1's position as a mediator of GABA synthesis. Therefore, the development of GAD1-modulating drugs will serve as a resounding success for conditions associated with GABA, including anxiety, depression, autism, and schizophrenia.

Apart from therapeutic uses, the GAD1 protein also bears the significance of being a potential biomarker. Particularly in patients with epilepsy, the detection of GAD1 antibodies can play a diagnostic role.

In conclusion, the GAD1 protein – despite its miniature size – has an enormous impact on brain function and has thus remained in the limelight of scientific research for several years. From being a simple enzyme with a straightforward pathway of converting an acid into a neurotransmitter to an indispensable accomplice in elaborating brain diseases, GAD1 has emerged as a crucial player in neurological research. With the advent of faster, more advanced genomic technologies, the increased understanding of the role of GAD1 is imminent, leading to further sophisticated disease management strategies in the future. In a world moving towards individual-targeted therapy, understanding every protein and gene is essential, and GAD1 is no less significant.

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Cat.No.	Product Name	Species	Source (Host)	Tag
GAD1-0009H	Recombinant Human GAD1 Protein	Human	HEK293 cells
GAD1-184HF	Recombinant Full Length Human GAD1 Protein	Human	In Vitro Cell Free System
GAD1-5204HF	Recombinant Full Length Human GAD1 Protein, GST-tagged	Human	In Vitro Cell Free System	GST
GAD1-783HFL	Recombinant Full Length Human GAD1 Protein, C-Flag-tagged	Human	Mammalian cells	Flag
GAD1-955H	Recombinant Human GAD1 Protein, His (Fc)-Avi-tagged	Human	HEK293	His (Fc)-Avi
GAD1-2537H	Recombinant Human GAD1 Protein (Met1-Leu224), N-His tagged	Human	E.coli	N-His
GAD1-4653H	Recombinant Human GAD1 Protein, GST-tagged	Human	Wheat Germ	GST
GAD1-936H	Recombinant Human GAD1 Protein, MYC/DDK-tagged	Human	HEK293	Myc/DDK