What is DSG1 Protein

      The Desmoglein 1 (DSG1) protein, known for its pivotal role in cell adhesion, stands as a cornerstone in the intricate web of molecular interactions within our bodies. Officially classified as a member of the desmoglein protein family, DSG1 has earned various aliases, including desmosomal glycoprotein 1 and cadherin family member 4. Belonging to the cadherin superfamily, DSG1 exhibits distinctive structural characteristics that define its essential functions.

      DSG1 Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms

      DSG1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily expressed in the epidermis, where it contributes significantly to the structural integrity of epithelial tissues. Functionally, it serves as a critical component of desmosomes – specialized cell structures that facilitate strong cell-to-cell adhesion. In these desmosomes, DSG1 forms complexes with other desmosomal proteins, fostering the cohesion necessary for tissue integrity.

      Molecularly, DSG1 engages in homophilic interactions, binding with other DSG1 molecules on neighboring cells. This adhesive property, driven by calcium-dependent binding, creates a robust network that reinforces cell adhesion. The molecular mechanisms underlying DSG1 function involve the recruitment of various intracellular proteins, orchestrating signaling cascades that fortify the stability of cell junctions.

      Figure 1. Keratinocyte structure, adhesion, and signaling modulated by Erbin and/or DSG1. (Hammers C M, et al., 2013)

      Figure 1. Keratinocyte structure, adhesion, and signaling modulated by Erbin and/or DSG1. (Hammers C M, et al., 2013)

      DSG1 Related Signaling Pathway

      Unraveling the signal pathways associated with DSG1 unveils the complexity of cellular communication. DSG1-mediated signaling involves the recruitment of plakoglobin and desmoplakin, which, in turn, link to the cytoskeleton. This intricate interplay reinforces cell adhesion, promoting tissue stability. Disruptions in these signaling pathways, as observed in pemphigus foliaceus, highlight the fragility of the equilibrium maintained by DSG1.

      DSG1 Related Diseases

      The importance of DSG1 becomes strikingly apparent when considering diseases linked to its dysfunction. Pemphigus foliaceus, a blistering skin disorder, often arises from autoantibodies targeting DSG1, leading to the compromised integrity of epidermal tissues. The autoimmune nature of this condition underscores the delicate balance maintained by DSG1 in preserving tissue architecture.

      DSG1's Applications in Biomedicine

      Beyond its fundamental role in cellular adhesion, DSG1 holds promise in various biomedical applications. In diagnostic development, the detection of DSG1 autoantibodies serves as a crucial marker for pemphigus foliaceus, aiding in timely and accurate disease diagnosis. Additionally, the protein's involvement in cell adhesion mechanisms positions it as a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at reinforcing tissue integrity.

      In the realm of vaccine development, a nuanced understanding of DSG1's structure and function enables the exploration of strategies to modulate immune responses. Targeting DSG1-related pathways could hold the key to developing vaccines that mitigate autoimmune reactions, providing a novel avenue for therapeutic advancement.

      Therapeutically, the intricate involvement of DSG1 in cell adhesion opens avenues for targeted interventions. Developing drugs that selectively modulate DSG1-related signaling pathways could offer innovative approaches for treating conditions characterized by compromised tissue integrity, such as autoimmune blistering disorders.

      Recommended Products

      Cat.# Product name Species Source (Host) Tag
      DSG1-8319H Recombinant Human DSG1 Human Mammalian cells N/A
      DSG1-820H Recombinant Human DSG1 protein, His & GST-tagged Human E.coli His/GST
      DSG1-1601H Recombinant Human Desmoglein 1 Human Mammalian cells N/A
      DSG1-2890H Recombinant Human DSG1 Protein, GST-tagged Human Wheat Germ GST
      DSG1-144HF Recombinant Full Length Human DSG1 Protein Human In Vitro Cell Free System
      DSG1-2457H Recombinant Human DSG1 protein, His&Myc-tagged Human E.coli His&Myc
      DSG1-26581TH Recombinant Human DSG1 Human Wheat Germ N/A
      DSG1-1994H Recombinant Human DSG1 Protein (Glu50-Pro548), N-His tagged Human E.coli N-His
      DSG1-12178H Recombinant Human DSG1 protein, His-tagged Human E.coli His
      DSG1-1388H Recombinant Human DSG1 Protein, His-tagged Human E.coli N-His

      Reference

      • Hammers C M, Stanley J R. Desmoglein-1, differentiation, and disease. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2013, 123(4): 1419-1422.