DSG2

Case study 1: Sabine Bernegger, 2021

High temperature requirement A (HtrA) is an active serine protease secreted by the group-I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The human cell adhesion protein and tumor suppressor E-cadherin (hCdh1) expressed on the surface of gastric epithelial cells was identified as the first HtrA substrate. In this study, the researchers performed a proteomic profiling of H. pylori HtrA (HpHtrA) to decipher the complex mechanism of H. pylori interference with the epithelial barrier integrity.

Using a proteomic approach, human desmoglein-2 (hDsg2), neuropilin-1, ephrin-B2, and semaphorin-4D were identified as novel extracellular HpHtrA substrates. HpHtrA-mediated hDsg2 cleavage was further analyzed by in vitro cleavage assays using recombinant proteins. In infection experiments, they demonstrated hDsg2 shedding from H. pylori-colonized MKN28 and NCI-N87 cells.

Fig1. 100 ng recombinant rDsg2 were incubated with indicated amounts of recombinant HpHtrA wildtype (wt) or 1 μg inactive HpHtrA (SA) for 16 h at 37 °C.

Fig2. HpHtrA cleaves Desmoglein-2 on the cell surface of gastric epithelial cells independently of MMPs and ADAM10.

Case study 2: Shuhang Qin, 2020

The pathogenesis and developmental mechanism of early-stage (FIGO 2009 IA2-IIA2) cervical cancer (CC) remain unclear. Seeking novel molecular biomarkers based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will facilitate the understanding of CC pathogenesis and help evaluate early-stage CC prognosis.

Differential expression analysis identified upregulated genes in early-stage CC. And the researchers selected desmoglein-2 (DSG2) for further investigation. To detect DSG2 expression in early-stage CC, they used immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The correlations between DSG2 expression and CC cell line proliferation and migration were investigated with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and migration assays. Coexpression analysis indicated that DSG2 was probably involved in cell division, positive regulation of transferase activity, positive regulation of cell migration, EGFR upregulation pathway and regulation of lymphangiogenesis. IHC, qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that DSG2 expression was higher in CC than in normal tissue. DSG2 knockdown inhibited CC cell proliferation and migration.

Fig3. The mRNA expression of DSG2 was determined by qRT-PCR in 20 NCTs and 20 CC samples (left). The protein expression of DSG2 was determined by western blotting in 3 NCTs and 3 CC samples (right).

Fig4. Analysis of the expression of DSG2 knockdown in six CC cell lines and NCTs by qRT-PCR (left) and western blotting (right).

Fig1. Schematic showing putative mechanism for increased tumorigenesis in SCC cells via Dsg2-dependent miR-146a down-regulation. (Joseph P Flemming, 2020)

Fig2. Schematic overview of signaling mechanisms involved in cohesion in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. (Maria Shoykhet, 2020)

DSG2 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways DSG2 participated on our site, such as Apoptosis, Apoptotic cleavage of cell adhesion proteins, Apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with DSG2 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

DSG2 has several biochemical functions, for example, calcium ion binding, cell adhesion molecule binding, cell adhesive protein binding involved in bundle of His cell-Purkinje myocyte communication. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by DSG2 itself. We selected most functions DSG2 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with DSG2. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

DSG2 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with DSG2 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of DSG2.

ganglioside_gm1; JUP; Cbx1; DSC2; Trim69; Flot1; PDGFRA; FLNA; MYH9; Bmpr1a; IQGAP1; Tpm1; Actb; ACTR2; Ppp1cb; Jup; DBN1