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Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Family

Creative BioMart Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Family Product List

Available Resources for FGF Family Research

Creative BioMart offers researchers a wide range of FGFs and receptor related products, including recombinant proteins, protein pre-coupled magnetic beads, cells and their tissues, chromatography reagents, and more.

We also provide a wealth of resources covering multiple aspects of FGFs and receptors, including pathways involved, protein functions, response proteins, related literature, research areas, and other relevant topics. Help researchers better explore and understand the role of these key biomolecules.

Our Featured Products

Class Cat.# Product name Species Source (Host) Tag
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) FGF1-12861H Recombinant Human FGF1, GST-tagged Human E.coli GST
FGF2-001H Recombinant Human FGF2 Protein, His-tagged Human E.coli His
FGF6-12872H Recombinant Human FGF6, GST-tagged Human E.coli GST
FGF20-12869H Recombinant Human FGF20, GST-tagged Human E.coli GST
FGF21-564H Active Recombinant Human FGF21 protein, His-tagged Human E.coli His
FGF Receptor FGFR1-316H Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1, His-tagged Human HEK293 His
FGFR2-87H Recombinant Human FGFR2, His-tagged Human E.coli His
FGFR3-6072HB Recombinant Human FGFR3 protein, His-Avi-tagged, Biotinylated Human HEK293 His-Avi
FGFR4-12882H Recombinant Human FGFR4, His-tagged Human E.coli His

About FGF Family

The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family is a group of signaling proteins that encompass both FGF ligands and FGF receptors. FGFs and FGFRs together form a complex signaling system that plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including development, tissue homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis.

  • FGF Ligands: The FGF family comprises a diverse group of at least 22 ligands in humans, each with distinct functions and expression patterns. Some well-known FGF ligands include FGF1 (acidic FGF), FGF2 (basic FGF), FGF7 (keratinocyte growth factor), FGF8 (fibroblast growth factor 8), and FGF23. FGF ligands are secreted proteins that act as paracrine or autocrine factors, meaning they exert their effects on nearby cells or on the same cells that produce them. They bind to specific receptors on the cell surface to initiate signaling cascades.
  • FGF Receptors (FGFRs): FGF receptors are transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases that serve as the primary receptors for FGF ligands. There are four main FGFR isoforms: FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. Each isoform has distinct expression patterns and affinities for different FGF ligands. FGFRs consist of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular domain is responsible for ligand binding, while the intracellular domain initiates intracellular signaling upon ligand binding.

Table 1. Interaction of FGF with their receptors. (Farooq M, et al., 2021)

Growth Factor Interacting with the Receptor Growth Factor Interacting with the Receptor
FGF1 FGFR1 IIIb, FGFR1 IIIc, FGFR2 IIIb, FGFR2 IIIc, FGFR3 IIIb, FGFR3 IIIc, FGFR4 FGF9 FGFR1 IIIb, FGFR2 IIIb, FGFR3
FGF2 FGFR1 IIIb, FGFR1 IIIc, FGFR2 IIIc, FGFR3 IIIc, FGFR4 FGF10 FGFR2
FGF3 FGFR3 FGF15 FGFR4
FGF4 FGFR2 IIIb, FGFR1 IIIc, FGFR2 IIIc, FGFR3 IIIc, FGFR4 FGF16 FGFR1 IIIc, FGFR2 IIIc, FGFR3 IIIb, FGF3 IIIc
FGF5 FGFR3 IIIc FGF17b FGFR2IIIc, FGFR3IIIc, FGFR4
FGF6 FGFR1 IIIc, FGFR2 IIIc, FGFR3 IIIc, FGFR4 FGF18 FGFFR3
FGF7 FGFR2 IIIb FGF19 FGFR4
FGF8a FGFR1 FGF20 FGFR1
FGF8b FGFR2 IIIc, FGFR3 IIIc, FGFR4 FGF21 FGFR1, FGFR2
FGF8c FGFR3 IIIc, FGFR4 FGF22 FGFR1 IIIb, FGFR2 IIIb
FGF8f FGFR2 IIIc, FGFR3 IIIb, FGFR3 IIIc, FGFR4 FGF23 FGFR1 IIIc, FGFR2 IIIc

FGF Signaling Pathways

The binding of FGF ligands to FGFRs leads to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular responses. The main signaling pathways activated by FGFs include:

  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway: This pathway involves the activation of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade, resulting in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). The MAPK pathway regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
  • Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Akt Pathway: Activation of this pathway leads to the activation of protein kinase B (Akt), which regulates cell survival, growth, and metabolism.
  • Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Pathway: FGF signaling can activate STAT proteins, which function as transcription factors to regulate gene expression and cellular responses.

These signaling pathways regulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, and tissue morphogenesis. The specific downstream effects of FGF signaling depend on the ligand-receptor interactions and the cellular context.

Aberrant FGF signaling has been associated with various diseases, including developmental disorders, skeletal disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and metabolic disorders. Dysregulation of FGF ligands or FGFRs can lead to abnormal cell growth, impaired tissue repair, and disrupted organ development.

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) structure, ligand binding and signaling.Fig.1 Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) structure, ligand binding and signaling. (Astolfi A, et al., 2020)
Schematic representations of FGF receptor tyrosine kinase structure, composed of several domains including three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains (IgI, IgII, and IgIII) and the acid-box, a transmembrane domain, and two intracellular tyrosine kinase domains (TK1 and TK2). The basic structure of the FGF/FGFR complex includes two receptor molecules, two FGFs, and one heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) chain. The signal transduction network activates four key downstream pathways: RAS/RAF/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, STATs and PLCγ.

Role of FGF Family in Diseases

The FGF family plays significant roles in various diseases. Dysregulation of FGF signaling can contribute to disease pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Here are some examples of the roles of the FGF family in different diseases:

  • Cancer: FGFs and their receptors are implicated in cancer development and progression. Overexpression, amplification, or mutations of FGF ligands or FGFRs have been observed in several cancer types, including breast, lung, prostate, and bladder cancers. Aberrant FGF signaling can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Targeting FGF signaling pathways has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach in certain cancers.
  • Skeletal Disorders: Mutations in FGFRs, particularly FGFR2 and FGFR3, are associated with skeletal disorders such as achondroplasia (the most common form of dwarfism) and craniosynostosis syndromes (premature fusion of skull bones). These mutations lead to constitutive activation of FGFR signaling, affecting bone development and growth plate function.
  • Neurological Disorders: FGF signaling is involved in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Mutations in FGFRs have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including craniosynostosis syndromes with cognitive impairments. Dysregulation of FGF signaling has also been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, affecting neuronal survival, synaptic function, and neuroinflammation.
  • Cardiovascular Diseases: FGFs and FGFRs have roles in cardiovascular development, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. Disrupted FGF signaling has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. FGFs can influence endothelial cell function, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling in blood vessels, affecting vascular integrity and function.
  • Metabolic Disorders: Certain FGFs, such as FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, have roles in metabolic regulation. FGF19 and FGF21 are involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, while FGF23 regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Dysregulation of these FGFs is associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease.
  • Skin Disorders: FGF signaling plays roles in skin development, wound healing, and skin disorders. Abnormal FGF signaling can contribute to conditions such as psoriasis, keloids, and hypertrophic scars. In psoriasis, dysregulated FGF signaling influences abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and inflammation in the skin.

Diseases associated with FGFs dysregulations.Fig.2 Diseases associated with FGFs dysregulations. (Farooq M, et al., 2021)

Understanding the role of the FGF family in diseases is essential for identifying therapeutic targets, developing novel treatments, and improving patient outcomes. Targeting FGF signaling pathways, either directly or indirectly, holds promise for the development of precision medicine approaches in various disease contexts. However, further research is needed to explore the specific molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions associated with FGF signaling in different diseases.

If you have any questions, requirements, or cooperation intentions, please feel free to contact us. We very much look forward to working with you and helping you achieve research and commercial success.

Related References

  1. Deng J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. The Multiple Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:5273-5290. Published 2021 Oct 14.
  2. Astolfi A, Pantaleo MA, Indio V, Urbini M, Nannini M. The Emerging Role of the FGF/FGFR Pathway in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(9):3313.
  3. Farooq M, Khan AW, Kim MS, Choi S. The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Signaling in Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Cells. 2021; 10(11):3242.
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