NCR1

Case study 1: Chiyuki Ueshima, 2015

NKp46 (natural cytotoxic receptor 1/CD335) is expressed on natural killer cells and Th2-type innate lymphocytes. However, NKp46 expression in human mast cells has not yet been reported. Here, the researchers explored the expression of, and possible role played by, NKp46 in such cells. NKp46 protein was expressed in human mast cells in urticaria pigmentosa principally of the tryptase-positive/chymase-negative type (MCT), but not in human non-neoplastic skin mast cells of the tryptase-positive/chymase-positive (MCTC) type. NKp46 expression was also evident in the human neoplastic mast cell line HMC1.2. NKp46 knockdown changed the phenotype of this cell line from MCT to MCTC and downregulated GrB production, but did not influence IL-22 production. An agonistic anti-NKp46 antibody upregulated production of GrB and IL-22, but did not change the MCT-like phenotype of HMC1.2 cells. NKp46 was thus involved in the production of serine proteases and IL-22 in human mast cells.

Fig1. Flow cytometric analysis showed NKp46 protein expression in the human cultured neoplastic mast cell line HMC1.2.

Fig2. GrB production. ELISA revealed that NKp46 knockdown reduced GrB production in the presence of an agonistic anti-NKp46 Ab for 16 h induced GrB production in HMC1.2 cells.

Case study 2: Pascal F Durrenberger, 2012

Pathogenic or regulatory effects of natural killer (NK) cells are implicated in many autoimmune diseases, but evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its murine models remains equivocal. In an effort to illuminate this, the researchers have here analysed expression of the prototypic NK cell marker, NCR1 (natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor; NKp46; CD335), an activating receptor expressed by virtually all NK cells and therefore considered a pan-marker for NK cells. In this study, the researchers investigated whether there were differences in NCR1+ cells in the peripheral blood of MS patients and whether NCR1+ cells are present in white matter lesions.

NCR1 transcripts were increased more than 5 times in active disease lesions. However when they performed immunohistochemical staining of this tissue, few NCR1+ NK cells were identified. Rather, the major part of NCR1 expression was localised to astrocytes, and was considerably more pronounced in MS patients than controls. In order to further validate de novo expression of NCR1 in astrocytes, they used an in vitro staining of the human astrocytoma U251 cell line grown to model whether cell stress could be associated with expression of NCR1. They found up-regulation of NCR1 expression in U251 cells at both the mRNA and protein levels.

Fig3. Immunoreactivity was quantified and a significant increase (p = 0.0003) in WML (4.945 ± 1.174) compared to controls (0.801 ± 0.27) was found when conducting a Mann Whitney test.

Fig4. Semi-quantitative analysis of NCR1 expression showed a 43% increase in NCR1 expression after 3 days of culture.

Fig1. NKp46 has an extracellular portion characterized by two Ig-C2 like domains. (R Biassoni, 2003)

Fig2. Expression of the NCRs and their Ligands. NKp30 and NKp46 are expressed by resting (pink) as well as activated (orange) NK cells. (Alexander David Barrow, 2019)

NCR1 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways NCR1 participated on our site, such as Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with NCR1 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

NCR1 has several biochemical functions, for example, receptor signaling protein activity. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by NCR1 itself. We selected most functions NCR1 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with NCR1. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

NCR1 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with NCR1 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of NCR1.