CHI3L1

Case study 1: Hailong Hao, 2021

This study aims to explore the relevance between YKL-40 and recurrence and progression of bladder cancer, and determine whether YKL-40 can be used as a potential target in patients with bladder cancer. They analyzed the invasion and metastasis ability by Transwell method. The YKL-40 expression levels in cell lines were analyzed by Western blot and qPCR.

The increase of YKL-40 level, especially in tumour group, was related to tumour pathological stage and tumour invasion and metastasis. The cell lines with YKL-40 high expression had stronger invasion and metastasis ability. The expression levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin in YKL-40 overexpressed SVHUC1 cells were increased. YKL-40 promoted the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells by up regulating the EMT gene expression. The YKL-40 expression is closely related to the invasion and migration of bladder cancer.

Fig1. The serum YKL-40 level in bladder cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls.

Fig2. Western blotting results of YKL-40 protein expression in bladder cancer cells.

Case study 2: Apeng Chen, 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor, with a median survival rate of only 15 months, remains incurable despite intensive multimodal treatment of surgical resection, radio-chemotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab. Therefore, effective therapies for patients with GBM are urgently needed. Repolarization of TAMs toward an antitumor M1-like phenotype results in tumor regression by producing proinflammatory cytokines and key molecules to stimulate T cell antitumor response. This suggests a potential therapeutic strategy of converting M2-like TAMs to M1-like TAMs for the treatment of GBM.

Here, the researchers show that chitinase-3-like 1 (CHI3L1), also known as human homolog YKL-40, predominately modulates the GBM TME using unbiased approaches. CHI3L1 signaling selectively regulates tumor infiltration and cell migration of MDMs and MG by forming distinct protein-binding complexes. CHI3L1 protein complexes further reprogram TAMs to regulate T cell–mediated immune response in GBM progression.

Fig3. qRT-PCR and IB analyses of the expression levels of CHI3L1 mRNA and protein in GL261 overexpressing vector control or human CHI3L1 gene.

Fig4. Representative brightfield images showing cell migration at 0 and 6 hours after treatment with CHI3L1 recombinant protein (rCHI3L1) at a concentration of 0.6 μg/mL in M0, M1, and M2 BMDMs by the scratch-wound healing assay.

Fig1. The working model of CHI3L1 on glioma cells and TME. (Ting Zhao, 2022)

Fig2. Summary cartoon showing the potential role of CHI3L1 in immunosuppressive GBM tumor microenvironment. (Fei Li, 2022)

CHI3L1 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways CHI3L1 participated on our site, such as , which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with CHI3L1 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

CHI3L1 has several biochemical functions, for example, carbohydrate binding, chitin binding, NOT chitinase activity. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by CHI3L1 itself. We selected most functions CHI3L1 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with CHI3L1. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

CHI3L1 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with CHI3L1 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of CHI3L1.