PTX3

Case study 1: Yao Li, 2023

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoantibodies-mediated autoimmune disease with the complications of neuromuscular junction transmission. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the molecular regulatory roles of pentaxin 3 (PTX3) in patients and in animal model with MG and to explore its underlying mechanism.

Patients with MG were identified and enrolled at our designated hospital and animal model was utilized for the proposed study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit were used to quantify the IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, IL-17, TNF-α, anti-TAChR IgG/IgG1/IgG2b/IgG2c levels. The expression level of mRNA and protein product of PTX3 increased in the mice with MG. PTX3 promoted inflammation, pyroptosis in patients as well as in the MG mouse model. In addition, PTX3 induced the STAT3/NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted gene synthesis of STAT3.

Fig1. PTX3 promoted inflammation level using in vitro model. PTX3 mRNA expression.

Fig2. Full-length GSDMD (Fl-GSDMD) and N-terminal domain of GSDMD (N-GSDMD) protein expression in vitro model by down-regulation of PTX3.

Case study 2: Relber A Gonçales, 2022

The long pentraxin PTX3 (pentraxin 3) has emerged as a component of humoral innate immunity with essential functions in the resolution of inflammation, but its role during granuloma formation is unknown. To evaluate PTX3 as a modulator of pathogenic signals involved in granuloma formation and inflammation in sarcoidosis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with sarcoidosis harboring loss-of-function genetic variants and gene-deleted mice were used to assess the role of PTX3 in experimental models of granuloma formation in vitro and in vivo.

The researchers have identified a molecular link between PTX3 deficiency and the pathogenic amplification of complement activation to promote granuloma formation. Mechanistically, PTX3 deficiency licensed the complement component C5a-mediated activation of the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTORC1. The results identify PTX3 as a pivotal molecule that regulates complement-mediated signaling cues in macrophages to restrain granulomatous inflammation and highlight the therapeutic potential of this signaling axis in targeting granuloma formation in sarcoidosis.

Fig3. Immunofluorescence for C3b/iC3b/C3c in granulomas from WT and Ptx3-/- mice on Day 4 after sodA bead embolization and treatment with rPTX3 (recombinant PTX3) or PBS (representative of three independent experiments).

Fig4. Concentrations of glucose and lactate in lung supernatants from WT and Ptx3-/- mice on Day 4 after sodA bead embolization and treatment with PMX53 or PBS.

Fig1. Proposed working model of m6A-controlled macrophage homeostasis in allergic asthma. (Xiao Han, 2023)

Fig2. Schematic depicting the role of PRMT1 and PTX3 in regulating ferritinophagic responses in WT IDH1 and IDH1R132H gliomas. (Maria Shoykhet, 2020)

PTX3 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways PTX3 participated on our site, such as , which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with PTX3 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

PTX3 has several biochemical functions, for example, (1->3)-beta-D-glucan binding, complement component C1q binding, virion binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by PTX3 itself. We selected most functions PTX3 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with PTX3. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

PTX3 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with PTX3 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of PTX3.