RXRB

Case Study 1: Belamy Cheung, 2003

Nuclear retinoid receptors mediate retinoid effects through tissue-specific, ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent transcriptional regulation of secondary target genes. Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) is itself a retinoid target gene with a retinoic acid response element (betaRARE) in the 5' untranslated region of the RARbeta2 gene. Altered transcriptional regulation of RARbeta may play a role in human carcinogenesis and the retinoid-responsiveness of malignant cells. Here the researchers used retinoid X receptor-specific antibodies in electrophoretic mobility shift assays to show that the retinoid X receptor beta (RXRbeta) protein was recruited to the betaRARE, after retinoid treatment of retinoid-sensitive neuroblastoma (NB), lung and breast cancer cell lines, but not retinoid-resistant lung and breast cancer cell lines. RXRbeta selectively enhanced retinoid-induced transcriptional activation of the betaRARE. Stable overexpression of RXRalpha and RXRbeta in NB cells resulted in marked growth inhibition and cell death, which increased after retinoid treatment. However, only proteins from the RXRbeta transfectants exhibited specific RXRbeta binding to the betaRARE in vitro and in vivo, enhanced histone acetylation and increased endogenous RARbeta expression.

Fig1. RXRβ binds the βRARE in retinoid-treated NB cells.

Fig2. Transactivation of the βRARE by RXRs in NB cells.

Case Study 2: Hong Guo, 2023

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening conditions with excessive inflammation in the lung. Glucocorticoids had been widely used for ALI/ARDS, but their clinical benefit remains unclear. Here, the researchers tackled the problem by conjugating prednisolone (PSL) with a targeting peptide termed CRV. Systemically administered CRV selectively homes to the inflamed lung of a murine ALI model, but not healthy organs or the lung of healthy mice. The expression of the CRV receptor, retinoid X receptor β, was elevated in the lung of ALI mice and patients with interstitial lung diseases, which may be the basis of CRV targeting. They then covalently conjugated PSL and CRV with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive linker in the middle. While being intact in blood, the ROS linker was cleaved intracellularly to release PSL for action. In vitro, CRV-PSL showed an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of PSL. In vivo, CRV conjugation increased the amount of PSL in the inflamed lung but reduced its accumulation in healthy organs. Accordingly, CRV-PSL significantly reduced lung injury and immune-related side effects elsewhere.

Fig3. Representative immunohistochemistry (IHC) images of targeting RXRB by CRV peptide in the lung of ALI mice.

Fig4. Representative immunofluorescence (IF) images of colocalization of rabbit anti-RXRB antibody with CD11b in PBS controls (top) and acute lung injury (ALI) mice (bottom).

Fig1. Mechanistic scheme. The synergy of 9-cis-RA/tideglusib on enhancing the anti-HCC action of sorafenib was summarized. (Shuaishuai Zhang, 2020)

Fig2. A schematic model illustrating the role of FABP7 in modulating DHA action in triple-negative breast cancer cells. (Rong-Zong Liu, 2012)

RXRB involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways RXRB participated on our site, such as PPAR signaling pathway, Thyroid hormone signaling pathway, Adipocytokine signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with RXRB were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

RXRB has several biochemical functions, for example, 9-cis retinoic acid receptor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding, RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by RXRB itself. We selected most functions RXRB had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with RXRB. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

RXRB has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with RXRB here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of RXRB.

RARA; SPOP; CACNA1B; RUTBC1; CPLX1; NUDT21; TBCA; MBP; SSB; CLTA; HSP90B1; PTMS; PCSK6; VCP