CYR61

Case study 1: Mami Yokota, 2022

Trehangelins (THG) are newly identified trehalose compounds derived from broth cultures of an endophytic actinomycete, Polymorphospora rubra. THG are known to suppress Cellular Communication Network factor 1 (CCN1), which regulates collagen homeostasis in the dermis. Although the physical properties of THG suggest a high penetration of the stratum corneum, the effect of THG on the epidermis has not been reported. Here the researchers describe a possible mechanism involved in skin aging focusing on the effect of THG on epidermal CCN1.

This study shows that: (1) THG suppress epidermal CCN1 expression by inhibiting the translocation of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) to nuclei. (2) Epidermal CCN1, localized at the basement membrane, regulates the balance between the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes. (3) Keratinocytes secrete more CCN1 than fibroblasts, which leads to disruption of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix components. (4) The secretion of CCN1 from keratinocytes is increased by ultraviolet B exposure, especially in aged keratinocytes, and deteriorates the elastic fiber structures in the underlying dermis.

Fig1. Effects of THG on CCN1 expression. The expression of cellular CCN1 from the lysate.

Fig2. CCN1 expression (flCCN1: 42 kDa full length CCN1, clCCN1: 25 kDa secreted CCN1) in keratinocytes determined by Western Blots 24 h after 0 or 15 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation.

Case study 2: Kelly Ascenção, 2022

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous endogenous biological mediator, involved in the regulation of cellular bioenergetics, angiogenesis, invasion, and chemotherapeutic resistance in several types of cancer. The current studies were set up to investigate if CBS or 3-MST regulates CyR61 in colon cancer cells in the context of the regulation of proliferation, migration, and survival. The study mainly utilized HCT116 cells, in which two of the principal H2S-producing enzymes, CBS and 3-MST, are highly expressed.

The H2S donor GYY4137 and the polysulfide donor Na2S3 activated the CyR61 promoter in a concentration-dependent fashion. CyR61 was found to play an active, but relatively minor role in maintaining colon cell proliferation. HMPSNE markedly suppressed the secretion/release of CyR61 from the colon cancer cells. Moreover, HMPSNE promoted colon cancer cell apoptosis; endogenously produced CyR61 was found to counteract this effect, at least in part via RhoA activation.

Fig3. Western blot analysis of CyR61, H2S enzymes and Wnt/β-Catenin pathway markers in wild-type HCT116 cells, ShCTR cells (i.e. cells treated with non-coding vector) and three HCT116 cell lines with CyR61 silencing.

Fig4. Western blot analysis of BID, CyR61 and RhoA proteins in HCT116 cells treated with HMPSNE, AOAA or their combination for 48 h.

Fig1. Schematic diagrams of signaling pathways mediate the pathogenesis of ALI in lung epithelial cells. (Yin Zhu, 2020)

Fig2. CCN protein interactions with receptors and other main cytokines. (Jun Li, 2015)

CYR61 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways CYR61 participated on our site, such as Hypertrophy Model, Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway, Regulation of Wnt-mediated beta catenin signaling and target gene transcription, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with CYR61 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

CYR61 has several biochemical functions, for example, extracellular matrix binding, heparin binding, insulin-like growth factor binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by CYR61 itself. We selected most functions CYR61 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with CYR61. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

CYR61 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with CYR61 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of CYR61.

ZWINT; Mis12; recB; recN; MYC; CNTROB