Ang4

Some studies have suggested that ANG4 may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in the angiogenin gene, which produces both ANG and ANG4, have been associated with familial ALS. These mutations are thought to impair the angiogenin's neuroprotective functions and lead to motor neuron degeneration. The specific involvement of ANG4 in neurodegenerative diseases requires more investigation.

Currently, there are no widely established methods specifically designed to detect or measure ANG4 protein levels in research studies. However, techniques such as immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can potentially be used for this purpose with the appropriate antibodies or assays.

As of now, there are no ongoing clinical trials specifically targeting ANG4 protein. However, research on angiogenin-based therapies, which may indirectly affect ANG4, is ongoing, especially in the context of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Currently, there are no known drug development efforts specifically targeting ANG4 protein. However, angiogenin-based therapies targeting angiogenesis are being explored for their potential in cancer treatment and tissue regeneration. It is possible that future research may uncover specific applications or inhibitors targeting ANG4 for therapeutic purposes.

There are no known knockout or overexpression studies specifically focused on ANG4. However, knockout and overexpression studies of other angiogenin family members have been conducted to investigate their biological functions and analyze their effects on various cellular processes.

ANG4 protein has been shown to interact with several molecules and proteins involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These interactions contribute to the complex process of blood vessel formation.

ANG4 protein has been detected in the bloodstream, although its levels might be comparatively lower than other angiogenin family members like angiogenin (ANG). The presence of ANG4 in circulation suggests its potential role in systemic angiogenesis regulation, but more research is needed to understand its specific functions and dynamics in different physiological and pathological contexts.

The expression of ANG4 protein is influenced by various factors. It can be upregulated by hypoxia, growth factors like VEGF and FGF, and inflammatory cytokines. Certain transcription factors, such as HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), can also regulate ANG4 expression. The precise mechanisms behind its regulation are not fully understood and require further investigation.

Dysregulation or abnormal expression of ANG4 has been associated with certain cancers, including breast, lung, and cervical cancer. ANG4 may contribute to tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis.

While ANG4 is a relatively less studied member of the angiogenin family, its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker is not well established. Due to its involvement in angiogenesis and tumor progression, it may have therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. However, further research is required to validate its potential in these areas.

Currently, there is limited research on ANG4 and its specific role in animal models or knockout studies. Most studies have focused on its closely related family member, angiogenin (ANG), which has been extensively studied for its angiogenic properties and potential therapeutic applications.