What is PROM1 Protein

PROM1, or Prominin-1, is a protein encoded by the PROM1 gene. It is also known by several synonyms, including CD133, AC133 antigen, and MACS1. This glycoprotein belongs to the prominin family and plays a pivotal role in various biological processes. The PROM1 gene is located on chromosome 4, and its official full name is "prominin 1."

PROM1 Protein Structural Characteristics and Classification

PROM1 protein is characterized by its unique structure, consisting of five transmembrane domains and two large glycosylated extracellular loops. This distinct configuration contributes to its role as a cell surface marker. The protein is predominantly found on the surface of various cell types, serving as a marker for stem and progenitor cells.

Belonging to the prominin family, PROM1 is involved in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Recent advances in research have shed light on the intricate details of its structure and function, unlocking new possibilities for understanding its role in health and disease.

PROM1 Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms

The biological functions of PROM1 are diverse and crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. One of its primary roles is in stem cell biology, where PROM1 serves as a marker for identifying and isolating stem and progenitor cells. By interacting with cholesterol and other membrane components, PROM1 contributes to the organization and dynamics of lipid rafts on the cell surface.

Moreover, PROM1 is implicated in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and intracellular signaling. The molecular mechanisms underlying PROM1's functions involve its interaction with various signaling pathways, influencing gene expression, and modulating cellular responses.

Figure 1. Prominin‐1‐Radixin axis controls hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating PKA activity. (Lee H, et al., 2020)

PROM1 Related Signaling Pathway

The signaling pathways associated with PROM1 are intricate and multifaceted. Notably, PROM1 has been implicated in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway crucial for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. The interaction between PROM1 and Wnt signaling influences cell fate decisions, including the maintenance of stem cell characteristics and the promotion of cell differentiation.

Additionally, PROM1 is involved in the Notch signaling pathway, contributing to the regulation of cell fate determination and tissue development. The intricate crosstalk between PROM1 and various signaling cascades highlights its role as a key player in orchestrating cellular responses.

PROM1 Related Diseases

Dysregulation of PROM1 has been linked to several diseases, emphasizing its significance in maintaining normal cellular function. Aberrant expression of PROM1 is associated with the development and progression of certain cancers, including glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, and ovarian cancer. The overexpression of PROM1 in cancer cells is often linked to increased tumorigenicity and resistance to chemotherapy.

In addition to cancer, PROM1 has been implicated in retinal degenerative disorders, where mutations in the PROM1 gene can lead to impaired vision and retinal degeneration. Understanding the role of PROM1 in these diseases provides valuable insights for developing targeted therapeutic interventions.

PROM1's Applications in Biomedicine

The unique properties of PROM1, particularly its cell surface localization and association with stem cells, make it a valuable tool in biomedical research and applications. PROM1 is widely used as a marker for isolating and characterizing stem and progenitor cells from various tissues. This has significant implications for regenerative medicine and the development of novel cell-based therapies.

Moreover, PROM1 has emerged as a promising target for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cancer. The specific expression of PROM1 in cancer stem cells makes it a potential marker for early detection and prognosis assessment. Targeting PROM1 in cancer therapy holds promise for developing more effective and personalized treatment strategies.

In vaccine development, PROM1's involvement in immune responses and cellular interactions positions it as a potential candidate for vaccine design. Understanding its role in modulating immune cell function could contribute to the development of vaccines with enhanced efficacy.

Recommended Products

Cat.#	Product name	Species	Source (Host)	Tag
Prom1-120RAF555	Recombinant Rat Prom1 Protein, Fc-tagged, Alexa Fluor 555 conjugated	Rat	HEK293	Fc
Prom1-120RAF488	Recombinant Rat Prom1 Protein, Fc-tagged, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated	Rat	HEK293	Fc
Prom1-120RAF647	Recombinant Rat Prom1 Protein, Fc-tagged, Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated	Rat	HEK293	Fc
Prom1-120RF	Recombinant Rat Prom1 Protein, Fc-tagged, FITC conjugated	Rat	HEK293	Fc
PROM1-46H	Recombinant Human PROM1, MYC/DDK-tagged	Human	HEK293	Myc/DDK
PROM1-399HF	Recombinant Full Length Human PROM1 Protein	Human	In Vitro Cell Free System
PROM1-73H	Recombinant Human Prominin 1, GST-tagged	Human	Wheat Germ	GST
PROM1-1493H	Recombinant Human PROM1 Protein (508-792 aa), His-tagged	Human	Yeast	His
PROM1-45H	Recombinant Human PROM1, MYC/DDK-tagged	Human	HEK293	Myc/DDK
PROM1-161H	Recombinant Human PROM1 Protein, C-His-tagged	Human	E.coli	C-His

Reference

• Lee H, et al. Prominin‐1‐Radixin axis controls hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating PKA activity. EMBO Reports. 2020, 21(11): e49416.