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AR

  • Official Full Name

    androgen receptor

  • Overview

    The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Two alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
  • Synonyms

    AR; androgen receptor; KD; AIS; TFM; DHTR; SBMA; HYSP1; NR3C4; SMAX1; HUMARA; dihydrotestosterone receptor; androgen nuclear receptor variant 2; nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4;

  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Cell & Tissue Lysates
  • Antibody
  • Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads
  • Assay Kits
  • Others
  • BOMMO(Silk moth)
  • Chicken
  • Human
  • Mouse
  • Rat
  • Rhesus Macaque
  • Zebrafish
  • E.coli
  • E.coli expression system
  • E.Coli or Yeast
  • HEK293
  • Insect Cell
  • Mammalian Cell
  • Sf9 Insect Cell
  • Wheat Germ
  • Flag
  • Flag|His
  • GST
  • His
  • His (Fc)
  • Avi
  • His|GST
  • His|SUMO|Myc
  • N/A
  • N
  • Sumo
  • Strep
Species Cat.# Product name Source (Host) Tag Protein Length Price
Human AR-27312TH Recombinant Human AR, Flag-tagged Insect Cell Flag
Human AR-17H Recombinant Human AR, His-tagged E.coli His
Human AR-991H Recombinant Human AR protein, His-tagged E.coli His
Human AR-001H Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor protein Insect Cell
Human AR-333H Recombinant Human AR Protein, His-tagged Insect Cell His
Human AR-992H Recombinant Human AR protein, His/Sumo/Myc-tagged E.coli His/SUMO/Myc 551-919aa
Human AR-9788H Recombinant Human AR protein, His-tagged E.coli His 1-285 aa
Human AR-1012H Recombinant Human AR, His-tagged E.coli His
Human AR-737H Recombinant Human AR protein, GST-tagged Wheat Germ GST
Human AR-101H Recombinant Human Androgen receptor LBD/Hsp90 complex, GST-tagged Sf9 Insect Cell GST
Human AR-2622H Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor, His-tagged E.coli His
Human AR-8764HCL Recombinant Human AR 293 Cell Lysate HEK293 N/A
Human AR-1278H Recombinant Human AR protein, His-tagged E.coli His Ile673~His918
Human AR-0631H Recombinant Human AR Protein (660-919), His-tagged E.coli His 660-919
Human AR-827HFL Recombinant Full Length Human AR Protein, N-GST/C-His-tagged E.coli GST/His
Human AR-27313TH Recombinant Human AR Flag/His
Human AR-003H Recombinant Human AR Protein, Sumo/His/Strep-tagged E.coli Sumo/His/Strep
Human AR-0632H Recombinant Human AR Protein (Leu660-Thr919), N-His-tagged E.coli N-His Leu660-Thr919
Mouse Ar-3451M Recombinant Mouse Ar, His-tagged E.Coli or Yeast His 899
Mouse Ar-6724M Recombinant Mouse Ar protein, His & GST-tagged E.coli His/GST Cys156~Ala310 (Accession # P19091)
Rat AR-743R Recombinant Rat AR Protein, His tagged E.coli N-His
Rat Ar-6725R Recombinant Rat Ar protein, His-tagged E.coli His Val491~Ser679 (Accession # P15207)
Rat Ar-6726R Recombinant Rat Ar protein, His-tagged E.coli His Ser765~Gln902 (Accession # P15207)
Rat Ar-01R Recombinant Active Rat Ar Protein (Ligand Binding Domain), GST/His-tagged Insect Cell GST/His
Rat AR-399R Recombinant Rat AR Protein, His (Fc)-Avi-tagged HEK293 His (Fc)-Avi
Rat AR-399R-B Recombinant Rat AR Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads HEK293
BOMMO(Silk moth) RFL2478BF Recombinant Full Length Bombyx Mori Allatostatin-A Receptor(Ar) Protein, His-Tagged E.coli expression system His Full Length (1-361)
Rhesus Macaque AR-375R Recombinant Rhesus monkey AR Protein, His-tagged Mammalian Cell His
Rhesus Macaque AR-204R Recombinant Rhesus Macaque AR Protein, His (Fc)-Avi-tagged HEK293 His (Fc)-Avi
Rhesus Macaque AR-204R-B Recombinant Rhesus Macaque AR Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads HEK293
Zebrafish AR-5400Z Recombinant Zebrafish AR Mammalian Cell His
Chicken AR-3407C Recombinant Chicken AR Mammalian Cell His
Kit-1654 CHO-K1 AR Protein Interaction Assay Kit N/A
CBCRY23 Androgen Receptor E.coli N/A
  • Involved Pathway
  • Protein Function
  • Interacting Protein
  • AR Related Articles
  • AR Related Gene Family
  • AR Related Research Area

AR involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways AR participated on our site, such as Oocyte meiosis, Pathways in cancer, Prostate cancer, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with AR were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

Pathway Name Pathway Related Protein
Oocyte meiosisCDK1;CPEB1B;CAMK2B;YWHAQA;SMC1AL;CALM3A;SPDYB;ADCY2B;ANAPC11
Pathways in cancerPLEKHG5;RALBP1;PAX8;ARNT;HDAC2;WNT3;MAP2K2;LAMB3;WNT7A
Prostate cancerPIK3R3;GRB2;PIK3CA;NFKBIA;TCF7;IGF1;FGFR2;MAPK3;PIK3CG

AR has several biochemical functions, for example, ATPase binding, DNA binding, POU domain binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by AR itself. We selected most functions AR had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with AR. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function Related Protein
ATPase bindingPGR;PDE4D;GRIN2A;NOP58;S100A1;RAB4A;FXYD3;ATPIF1;CHRNA7
DNA bindingEOMESB;ARID5B;H2AFY;POLR1E;DR1;ZFP143;HIST1H2BJ;FAM171B;HES4
POU domain binding
RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA bindingFOXA2;PER1;MTF1;ASCL2;IFI16;ZNF114;CHD7;RELA;ZNF257
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA bindingPPARA;RORB;NR4A2;VDRA;NR4A2A;RORAB;NR1D2;NR2F6B;NR5A5
RNA polymerase II transcription factor bindingGATA2;GATA2A;SPOP;Ar;GSK3B;TBX6;DHX9;KDM1A;MTDH
androgen bindingAr;TSPO;SHBG;ALDH1A1
androgen receptor activityNKX3;Ar;NR1I3;NKX3-1
androgen receptor bindingNSD1;RNF14;TGFB1I1;GRIP1;FOXH1;PRKCB;FOXP1;PRPF6;NCOA3
beta-catenin bindingAPC;PROP1;SMAD3;PTPRK;SLC9A3R2;CDH2;RORA;SMAD7;APC2
chromatin bindingORC1L;RNF168;TFAP2A;SREBF1;MKRN1;NAP1L2;ARID3A;GATA2B;HDAC7
enzyme bindingUGT1A6A;DDC;PRMT1;GSTM3;JUND;BLZF1;PARK7;GSTM1;MAT2B
lipid bindingPEX3;PACSIN1B;EPN1;ANXA6;FAM123A;LTC4S;BPIFA5;APOEB;HDLBP
metal ion bindingDMRTA1;ATP9A;CYP2K6;APTX;ACLYA;ZNF41;ESRRGB;ZNF713;PFKMB
protein bindingTCERG1;BRD7;BANF1;NIPSNAP3A;ASPSCR1;SYCE3;HMGA2;HNRNPD;CA
protein domain specific bindingHIST2H4A;IRS2;CHMP1B;CASKIN1;RAB6A;TACC1;CHMP1A;STX1A;STAMBP
receptor bindingGLA;IFNL3;PCSK1N;NUDT19;CRH;F2;DPP4;SCP2;WNT2BB
sequence-specific DNA bindingMNX2A;HOXA11B;MAFGA;MXTX2;LHX8A;FOXO1;FOXP3A;RORCA;HOXD9A
steroid bindingESRRGA;PDIA2;ESR2B;NR3C2;ESRRG;ESR2A;HSD11B2;GPR30;HSD17B10
transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA bindingHOXA3A;HOXC6B;ZNF577;HOXC6A;PAX6;ZNF8;CARF;POU6F2;ZBTB14
transcription factor bindingMAPK1;NAB1;DAXX;HDAC3;TAF7;SRF;PPP1R13B;Trl;NBN
transcription regulatory region DNA bindingGATA5;MSX2;EGR2;KLF2A;ATMIN;DHX36;TAF2;TAF9;GRHL1
transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific bindingTFAM;MEOX2;CEBPE;HOXC11;OTX1;SMAD4;FIGLA;ELK1;HNRNPK
zinc ion bindingPARK2;SH3RF2;ENPP2;ZNF185;THRAA;NPSN;ARHGEF2;MICAL2;LMO4A

AR has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with AR here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of AR.

Wang, YY; Tang, L; et al. Multiplexed gold nanorod array biochip for multi-sample analysis. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS 67:18-24(2015).
Tilli, TM; Ferreira, LB; et al. Osteopontin-c mediates the upregulation of androgen responsive genes in LNCaP cells through PI3K/Akt and androgen receptor signaling. ONCOLOGY LETTERS 9:1845-1850(2015).
  • Q&As
  • Reviews

Q&As (18)

Ask a question
Is there ongoing research to better understand the AR protein and its role in diseases? 02/01/2021

Absolutely, research on the AR protein and its involvement in diseases continues to advance. Scientists are actively studying the mechanisms of AR function, its interactions with other proteins and signaling pathways, and the complex regulation of its activity. Furthermore, ongoing research focuses on the development of new therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies and combination treatments, to combat diseases associated with the AR protein.

Can the AR protein be targeted for therapeutic purposes? 02/19/2020

Yes, targeting the AR protein is a common therapeutic strategy for certain diseases. In the case of prostate cancer, which is often androgen-dependent, drugs called androgen receptor antagonists or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are used to inhibit the action of the AR protein and lower androgen levels.

Are there any diseases or disorders associated with mutations in the AR gene? 01/26/2020

Yes, mutations in the AR gene can lead to various diseases and disorders. One well-known condition associated with AR gene mutations is androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), where individuals with male sex chromosomes have impairment in the androgen receptor function. This can result in varying degrees of underdeveloped or ambiguous external genitalia and incomplete virilization.

Are there any ongoing research efforts focused on the AR protein? 09/23/2019

Yes, there is ongoing research focused on understanding the AR protein and its role in various diseases and conditions. Scientists are trying to uncover the molecular mechanisms of AR signaling, including its interactions with coactivators and corepressors, as well as the factors that regulate its expression and activity.

Are there any ongoing research efforts focused on the AR protein? 09/23/2019

Yes, there is ongoing research focused on understanding the AR protein and its role in various diseases and conditions. Scientists are trying to uncover the molecular mechanisms of AR signaling, including its interactions with coactivators and corepressors, as well as the factors that regulate its expression and activity.

Can the AR protein have any impact on female reproductive organs or characteristics? 08/21/2018

While the AR protein primarily plays a role in male sexual development and characteristics, it can also have some impact on female reproductive organs and characteristics. In females, the AR protein is expressed at lower levels compared to males but can still be present, particularly in tissues like the ovaries, the adrenal glands, and the uterus. In these tissues, the AR protein may contribute to certain functions, such as regulating ovarian follicle development or influencing the growth and differentiation of the uterine lining. However, the extent and significance of the AR protein's role in female reproductive biology are still being investigated.

Are there any drugs available that target the AR protein? 07/02/2018

Yes, there are several drugs available that target the AR protein. For example, anti-androgens like bicalutamide and enzalutamide are commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer to block the binding of androgens to the AR protein. These drugs help inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Other medications, such as abiraterone acetate and galeterone, also target the AR signaling pathway to treat advanced prostate cancer. These drugs work by reducing the production of androgens or directly inhibiting the AR protein.

Are there any known genetic variations that affect the AR protein? 06/04/2018

Yes, genetic variations in the AR gene can impact the function of the AR protein. One common variation is a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence in the gene, where the number of CAG repeats can vary among individuals. This CAG repeat length has been associated with the activity and efficacy of the AR protein. Longer CAG repeat lengths have been linked to reduced AR transcriptional activity and have been implicated in certain diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer.

Are there any known genetic variations that affect the AR protein? 06/04/2018

Yes, genetic variations in the AR gene can impact the function of the AR protein. One common variation is a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence in the gene, where the number of CAG repeats can vary among individuals. This CAG repeat length has been associated with the activity and efficacy of the AR protein. Longer CAG repeat lengths have been linked to reduced AR transcriptional activity and have been implicated in certain diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer.

Can environmental factors impact the function of the AR protein? 11/22/2017

Yes, certain environmental factors can influence the function of the AR protein. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as certain pesticides, plastics, and industrial pollutants, has been shown to interfere with androgen signaling pathways. EDCs can bind to the AR protein and alter its function, leading to abnormal development of male sexual characteristics or other adverse effects on reproductive and non-reproductive tissues.

Can environmental factors impact the function of the AR protein? 11/22/2017

Yes, certain environmental factors can influence the function of the AR protein. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as certain pesticides, plastics, and industrial pollutants, has been shown to interfere with androgen signaling pathways. EDCs can bind to the AR protein and alter its function, leading to abnormal development of male sexual characteristics or other adverse effects on reproductive and non-reproductive tissues.

Can the AR protein be targeted for therapeutic purposes? 10/09/2017

Yes, the AR protein can be targeted for therapeutic purposes, particularly in conditions where its function needs to be modulated. For example, in certain types of prostate cancer where the tumor cells rely on androgen signaling, medications known as androgen receptor inhibitors can be used to block the activity of the AR protein and prevent its interaction with androgens. This can help slow down the progression of the disease.

Can the AR protein be targeted for therapeutic purposes? 10/09/2017

Yes, the AR protein can be targeted for therapeutic purposes, particularly in conditions where its function needs to be modulated. For example, in certain types of prostate cancer where the tumor cells rely on androgen signaling, medications known as androgen receptor inhibitors can be used to block the activity of the AR protein and prevent its interaction with androgens. This can help slow down the progression of the disease.

Can the AR protein have effects beyond male reproductive organs? 03/30/2017

Yes, the AR protein is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, not just male reproductive organs. It has been found in certain brain areas, muscle tissue, bone cells, and skin cells, among others. In these tissues, the AR protein can have additional functions beyond regulating sexual characteristics. For example, it plays a role in muscle development and maintenance, bone density regulation, and skin health. Abnormalities in the AR protein function in these tissues can contribute to certain diseases and disorders.

Can the AR protein have effects beyond male reproductive organs? 03/30/2017

Yes, the AR protein is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, not just male reproductive organs. It has been found in certain brain areas, muscle tissue, bone cells, and skin cells, among others. In these tissues, the AR protein can have additional functions beyond regulating sexual characteristics. For example, it plays a role in muscle development and maintenance, bone density regulation, and skin health. Abnormalities in the AR protein function in these tissues can contribute to certain diseases and disorders.

How is the AR protein regulated in the body? 09/27/2016

The expression and activity of the AR protein are tightly regulated in the body. Regulatory mechanisms include hormone levels, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and coactivator/corepressor recruitment. Androgen levels, such as testosterone and DHT, are an important regulator of AR activity. Hormones bind to the AR protein, triggering conformational changes that allow it to bind to DNA and regulate gene expression. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, also affect the activity, stability, and intracellular localization of the AR protein.

How is the AR protein regulated in the body? 09/27/2016

The expression and activity of the AR protein are tightly regulated in the body. Regulatory mechanisms include hormone levels, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and coactivator/corepressor recruitment. Androgen levels, such as testosterone and DHT, are an important regulator of AR activity. Hormones bind to the AR protein, triggering conformational changes that allow it to bind to DNA and regulate gene expression. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, also affect the activity, stability, and intracellular localization of the AR protein.

How does the AR protein function in the development of male sexual characteristics? 06/13/2016

During male development, high levels of androgens, such as testosterone, bind to the AR protein in target tissues. This activates the AR protein, allowing it to enter the nucleus of cells and bind to specific DNA sequences called androgen response elements (AREs). By binding to AREs, the AR protein regulates the expression of genes involved in male sexual differentiation, leading to the development of male genitalia, deepening of the voice, growth of facial and body hair, and other secondary sexual characteristics.

Customer Reviews (8)

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Reviews
02/02/2022

    This level of support saves researchers time and resources, enabling them to focus on the scientific aspects of their work and accelerate the overall progress of their studies.

    09/18/2020

      The manufacturer can provide researchers with high-quality AR protein, ensuring it is properly purified, characterized, and quality-controlled.

      04/26/2020

        This may include providing detailed protocols, troubleshooting advice, and suggestions for experimental design.

        04/03/2020

          They can also address any questions or concerns regarding the AR protein, thereby facilitating smooth and efficient research execution.

          02/02/2019

            If researchers require specific variants or modifications of AR protein, the manufacturer can work with them to provide customized products tailored to their needs.

            06/30/2018

              Manufacturers may offer the option for custom protein production.

              11/08/2017

                This collaboration may extend beyond the purchase of the AR protein, potentially leading to additional support, joint research projects, or access to expertise in the field.

                02/02/2017

                  They can assist in identifying the most suitable experimental protocols or provide recommendations for optimal usage.

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