CAV1

What is CAV1 Protein?

CAV1, or Caveolin-1, is crucial for forming caveolae—tiny pockets in cell membranes. It acts like a framework, helping these structures take shape. Besides giving structure, CAV1 influences several cellular processes, like how cells grow and survive. Scientists are keen on CAV1 because it's connected to conditions like cancer and heart disease. Due to its role in cell signaling and transport, it's a promising target for new treatments. By studying CAV1 further, researchers aim to find therapies that could tackle various health challenges.

What is the Function of CAV1 Protein?

CAV1, or Caveolin-1, plays a big role in shaping caveolae—those small invaginations on the cell membrane. Acting like a support beam, it helps these structures form and provides stability. Beyond just architecture, CAV1 is deeply involved in important cell functions, like signaling pathways that manage how cells grow, move, and survive. This protein also influences how cells take in substances and respond to environmental stress. It's a hot topic in research due to its links to diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Understanding CAV1’s multifaceted role might open doors to new treatments and therapies for these health issues.

CAV1 Related Signaling Pathway

CAV1, or Caveolin-1, plays a key role in several signaling pathways that influence cell function. It helps manage how signals cross the cell membrane, affecting growth, division, and survival. Acting as a gatekeeper, CAV1 is involved in pathways related to insulin signaling, cancer growth, and lipid balance. Because of this, CAV1 interests researchers looking at diseases like cancer, where it could impact tumor growth, and metabolic disorders, where it might change cell energy management. Understanding these pathways could lead to more targeted treatments.

CAV1 Related Diseases

CAV1, or Caveolin-1, is linked to a variety of diseases due to its role in cell signaling and structure. In cancer, CAV1 can influence tumor growth and spread, either promoting or suppressing it depending on the context. It's also associated with cardiovascular diseases because it affects how blood vessels function and respond to stress. Researchers have found links between CAV1 and metabolic disorders like diabetes, where it impacts glucose and fat metabolism. Additionally, CAV1 could play a role in pulmonary conditions and fibrosis due to its involvement in maintaining cellular environments. Understanding CAV1's role in these diseases might pave the way for new treatment strategies.

Bioapplications of CAV1

CAV1, or Caveolin-1, holds significant promise in bioapplications due to its role in various cell functions. In cancer therapy, targeting CAV1 could influence tumor behavior, potentially slowing growth or preventing spread. Its impact on blood vessel function makes it a candidate for cardiovascular treatments, possibly improving vascular health and response. In metabolic research, manipulating CAV1 might help manage or prevent diabetes by affecting how cells process glucose and fat. Additionally, its role in cell signaling suggests potential in developing treatments for lung diseases and fibrosis. Exploring CAV1’s functions could lead to innovative strategies across these health areas.

Case Study 1: Simón L. et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024

Metastasis is a major cancer killer, and better therapies are essential. Cancer cells often rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy to spread. Researchers found that Caveolin-1 (CAV1) enhances this process. Using 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) to inhibit glycolysis reduced the spread in melanoma and breast cancer cells. CAV1-driven mobility relies on Src/Akt signaling, which 2-DG blocks. Inhibiting Akt also lowered lung metastasis in CAV1-rich melanoma cells.

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  Fig1. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG failed to prevent phosphomimetic CAV1/Y14E-enhanced migration.
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  Fig2. Western blot analysis of pY14CAV1 and CAV1 in extracts from B16-F10(Mock) and (CAV1) cells.

Case Study 2: Goutas A. et al. Cells. 2021

In osteoarthritic chondrocytes, Cav-1 overexpression disrupts DNA repair under oxidative stress, likely due to cell aging. In young mesenchymal stem cells, Cav-1 adjusts under stress, but this mechanism is lost as they age, leading to persistent DNA damage. Reducing Cav-1 causes sustained damage and aging through autophagy. Lowering Atg5 together with Cav-1 can prevent this stress-induced aging, suggesting Cav-1’s role in DNA repair is crucial; without it, cells may age.

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  Fig3. Representative immunoblot showing p-Cav-1 levels from cell lysates of early- and late-passage WJ-MSCS.
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  Fig4. Characteristic immunoblot showing protein levels of key molecules of autophagy in early passage cells treated with control siRNA (siCTRL) or siRNA against Cav-1.

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  Fig1. Cell internal and external mechanisms of caveolin-1 (CAV-1) mediating tumor development. (Xiangfu Jiang, 2023)
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  Fig2. Model of the molecular mechanism underlying the role of Cav–1 in bacterial and HIV invasion. (Pamella Silva Lannes-Costa, 2022)

CAV1 has several biochemical functions, for example, ATPase binding,MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding,RNA polymerase I transcription factor binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by CAV1 itself. We selected most functions CAV1 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with CAV1. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function	Related Protein
protein binding	GAS2L3,NAT9,CHPF,ZBED1,TIFA,AMHR2,GADD45B,SCMH1,GJB6,GPA33
patched binding	IHH,CCNB1,Shh,PTCH1,SMO,BBS1,SETD6,DHH
enzyme binding	AXIN2,NR5A1,CUTA,PDCD2,CSF3,NFKBIA,TSPAN33,HDAC2,HDAC1,PTPN1
Rac GTPase binding	PAK2B,RALBP1,FMNL1,NOX1,SOD1,PAK2,CORO1C,HACE1,CDKL5,SRGAP3
syntaxin binding	SYTL4,CPLX3A,SYT11,RAB4A,STX6,RPH3A,SYT16,STX8,NAPGA,STXBP3A
peptidase activator activity	PCOLCE2,PSME4,MMP14,PINK1,PSME4B,MMP25,CLPX,PCOLCE,FBLN1,APP
ATPase binding	TAF9,UBXN1,EZR,ATPIF1B,TOR1AIP1,TCIRG1,ABCA1,ANK1,NUFIP1,LCK
identical protein binding	GM5077,BAK1,G6PD,FAM108A1,SEPHS1,RILPL2,PPP5C,SH3GL2,PDCD6,C1QL2
structural molecule activity	SPRR1A,LMNL3,NCR3LG1,KRT85,COPB1,SPRR2A,CLDN22,KRT38,LMNB2,OC90

CAV1 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with CAV1 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of CAV1.

PTPN1;EGFR;TXNRD1;ID1