Ifna

Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone which is normally produced by the placenta during pregnancy. After conception, the hCG concentration increases rapidly to reach a peak near the end of the first trimester. High concentrations are observed throughout pregnancy. After delivery, hCG levels fall rapidly and become undetectable after a few days. Structurally intact hCG molecules are composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha subunit is nearly identical to the alpha subunits of other glycoprotein hormones, such as Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): The differences in the beta subunit of the respective hormones account for their biological specificity and immunochemical distinctiveness. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing unique sites on the beta chain of the β-hCG/hCG molecule are essential for differentiation between hCG and LH, FSH and TSH. Specific assays for beta-hCG permit the early detection of pregnancy. In addition to the elevated hCG levels during pregnancy, high concentrations of βhCG/hCG may be associated with neoplasms of trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic origin such as hydatiform mole, chorionepithelioma, embryonal cell carcinoma, seminoma and many others. Human type I interferons comprise a vast and growing group of IFN proteins. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN-α receptor (IFNAR) that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains. Homologous molecules to type I IFNs are found in many species, including all mammals, and some have been identified in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species. The IFN-α proteins are produced by leukocytes. They are mainly involved in innate immune response against viral infection. They come in 13 subtypes that are called IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17, IFNA21. These genes for these IFN-α molecules are found together in a cluster on chromosome 9. IFN-α is also made synthetically as medication. Types are: Pegylated interferon alfa-2a Pegylated interferon alfa-2b

HCG/CGB; human chorionic gonadotropin/Chorionic Gonadotropin, Beta Polypeptide; interferon-alpha; IFNaA; IFN-a; interferon alpha-A; interferon alpha A; Ifna; interferon alpha;