HDAC4

Case Study 1: Li-Si Zeng, 2016

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate histone deacetylation, leading to transcriptional repression, which is involved in many diseases, including age-related tissue degeneration, heart failure and cancer. In this study, the researchers were aimed to investigate the expression, clinical significance and biological function of HDAC4 in esophageal carcinoma (EC). They found that HDAC4 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and cell lines. HDAC4 overexpression is associated with higher tumor grade, advanced clinical stage and poor survival. Mechanistically, HDAC4 promotes proliferation and G1/S cell cycle progression in EC cells by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p27 and up-regulating CDK2/4 and CDK-dependent Rb phosphorylation. HDAC4 also enhances ESCC cell migration. Furthermore, HDAC4 positively regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing the expression of Vimentin and decreasing the expression of E-Cadherin/α-Catenin.

Fig1. Western blot analysis of HDAC4 protein expression in eight ESCC tissues and paired normal tissues.

Fig2. HDAC4 down-regulation increases the expression of p21 and p27 proteins while reduces pRb, CDK2 and CDK4 in EC cells.

Case Study 2: Ke Hu, 2023

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are essential to regulate the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was conducted to analyze the functionality of long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 11 (lncRNA CASC11) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). CMECs were treated with ox-LDL to induce the CAD cell model. The cellular expression levels of CASC11 and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. Cell absorbance, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, tube formation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The binding of human antigen R (HuR) to CASC11 and HDAC4 was analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation. HDAC4 stability was determined after actinomycin D treatment. CASC11 bound to HuR and improved HDAC4 expression. HDAC4 downregulation counteracted the protective role of CASC11 overexpression in CMECs.

Fig3. HDAC4 expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay.

Fig4. HDAC4 expression levels 48 h after transfection were determined by Western blot assay.

Fig1. The role of HDAC4 in ischemic stroke and underlying mechanisms. (Qingsheng Kong, 2018)

Fig2. The illustration of the explained mechanisms for miR-200b-3p in endothelial apoptosis. (Fan Zhang, 2021)

HDAC4 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways HDAC4 participated on our site, such as Alcoholism, Epstein-Barr virus infection, Viral carcinogenesis, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with HDAC4 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

HDAC4 has several biochemical functions, for example, NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific), RNA polymerase III transcription factor binding, activating transcription factor binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by HDAC4 itself. We selected most functions HDAC4 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with HDAC4. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

HDAC4 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with HDAC4 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of HDAC4.

YWHAG; YWHAZ; YWHAE; YWHAH