CCL21

Case study 1: C Y Hong, 2014

The potential use of lymphoid chemokines to generate a dendritic cell (DC) cancer vaccine is not yet clear. The researchers investigated the effect of lymphoid chemokines on DC function and on the production of effective cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for application of cancer vaccine using monocyte-derived mature DCs (mDCs) prestimulated with lymphoid chemokines.

mDCs exposed to a secondary lymphoid organ chemokine (SLC/CCL21) dramatically induced CTL response by increasing cytolytic activity without any significant alterations on expression of cell surface markers. mDCs prestimulated with CCL21 showed higher levels of CXCL10 (IP-10) production, but not the production of CCL22, compared with untreated mDCs. IP-10 treatment during CTL generation with DCs dramatically enhanced tumour-specific CTL response compared with untreated CTLs, and these enhanced CTL-inducing functions of CCL21-treated DCs were inhibited by anti-IP-10 treatment.

Fig1. Enhanced cytotoxicity of CTLs by CCL21-treated αDC1s. The increased number of IFNγ-secreting cells in CCL21-treated αDC1s.

Fig2. The dramatic enhancement of the MART-1+/CD8+ T cell population in CTLs stimulated by CCL21-treated αDC1s with or without IP-10 addition.

Case study 2: Sarah R Pickens, 2012

To determine the role of CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The role of CCL21 and/or CCR7 in angiogenesis was examined using in vitro chemotaxis, tube formation, and in vivo Matrigel plug assays. Finally, the mechanism by which CCL21 mediates angiogenesis was determined by Western blot analysis and endothelial cell chemotaxis and tube formation assays.

CCL21, but not CCL19, at concentrations present in the RA joint, induced human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) migration that was mediated through CCR7 ligation. Suppression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway markedly reduced CCL21-induced HMVEC chemotaxis and tube formation. Neutralization of either CCL21 in RA synovial fluid or CCR7 in HMVECs significantly reduced the induction of HMVEC migration and/or tube formation by RA synovial fluid.

Fig3. CCL21-induced HMVEC chemotaxis showed that CCL21 induced cell migration.

Fig4. CCL21-induced HMVEC migration and tube formation are supressed by PI3K inhibition.

Fig1. Schematic diagram of possible signaling pathways involved by CCL21/CCR7 axis. (Le Han, 2023)

Fig2. The direct and indirect angiogenic impact of CCL21 in RA. (Katrien Van Raemdonck, 2020)

CCL21 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways CCL21 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with CCL21 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.

CCL21 has several biochemical functions, for example, CCR chemokine receptor binding, CCR7 chemokine receptor binding, chemokine activity. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by CCL21 itself. We selected most functions CCL21 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with CCL21. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

CCL21 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with CCL21 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of CCL21.

LRRK1; LRRK2; a41_vaccw; CCR7; GOT2; q81ue9_bacan; UBQLN4