Active Recombinant Human CD96 protein, His-tagged

• Cat.No.: CD96-3887H
• Product Overview: Active Recombinant Human CD96 protein(P40200-2)(Val22-Met503) is expressed from HEK293 with His tag at the C-Terminus.

Specification

• Species: Human
• Source: HEK293
• Tag: His
• Protein Length: 22-503 aa
• Form: Lyophilized from 0.22μm filtered solution in PBS (pH 7.4).
• Bio-activity: Immobilized Anti-CD96 Antibody, hFc Tag at 1μg/ml (100μl/well) on the plate. Dose response curve for Human CD96, His Tag with the EC50 of 28.8ng/ml determined by ELISA.
• Molecular Mass: The protein has a predicted MW of 54.7 kDa. Due to glycosylation, the protein migrates to 115-130 kDa based on Bis-Tris PAGE result.
• Endotoxin: Less than 1 EU per ug by the LAL method.
• Purity: > 95% as determined by Bis-Tris PAGE
• Storage: Store at -20 to -80°C for 12 months as supplied from date of receipt. -80°C for 3 months after reconstitution. Recommend to aliquot the protein into smaller quantities for optimal storage. Please minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
• Reconstitution: Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.
• protein Refseq-Weblink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_005807.1
• Unit ID: P40200
• Unit ID-Weblink: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P40200

Gene Information

• Gene Name: CD96 CD96 molecule [ Homo sapiens ]
• Official Symbol: CD96
• Synonyms: CD96; CD96 molecule; CD96 antigen; T-cell surface protein tactile; TACTILE; cell surface antigen CD96; T cell activation, increased late expression; t cell-activated increased late expression protein; MGC22596; DKFZp667E2122
• Gene ID: 10225
• mRNA Refseq: NM_005816
• protein Refseq: NP_005807
• MIM: 606037

Case Study

Case 1: Wang CQ, et al. Cells. 2023

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy aims to boost T cell responses against tumors, but not all patients respond well, suggesting other checkpoints matter. CD96, a potential check, can suppress natural killer cells but its impact on T cells is debated. Our study reveals that CRISPR/Cas9 removing CD96 enhances T cell attack on leukemia cells. Moreover, T cells engineered with CD96-based CARs perform worse against HER2 tumors compared to those without CD96. This indicates CD96 may reduce T cell effectiveness, supporting the idea of using multiple checkpoint targets in therapy.

Fig1. Expression of CD96 in naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at day 0.

Fig2. Expression of CD96 ligands, CD155 and CD111, on K562, MOLM14, U937, MV4

Case 2: Li J, et al. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023

Targeting CD96 in immune cells has shown promise for cancer treatment, but its role in solid tumor cells was unclear until now. We've discovered CD96 is often found in breast cancer cells and links to worse prognosis. These CD96-positive cancer cells appear to have both stem cell-like qualities and resistance to chemotherapy. Blocking CD96 in these cells boosts chemo effectiveness in tumor models. It seems CD96 promotes chemoresistance by enhancing mitochondrial function through a specific pathway. This unveils a new role for CD96 inside tumor cells, pointing to it as a potential target to improve chemotherapy responses.

Fig1. CD96 expression was evaluated by western blotting.

Fig2. SKBR3 BCSCs were treated with docetaxel in the presence and absence of CD96 blocking antibody, the expression of cleaved/total caspase3 was checked by western blot in 3 independent experiments.

Application

CD96, sometimes called TACTILE, belongs to the immunoglobulin family and serves as a key player in immune checkpoint regulation, affecting immune cell action. It's particularly important in cancer and autoimmune disease settings. In the realm of research, CD96 is known to interfere with tumor immunity. It binds to CD155, which can dull the response of natural killer and T cells, thus allowing tumors to sidestep the immune system. Studies have shown that blocking CD96 can boost the body's fight against tumors, especially when paired with other immune inhibitors like PD-1 or CTLA-4. In glioma cases, high CD96 levels often correlate with worse outcomes, highlighting its potential as a treatment target. CD96 is also significant in autoimmune diseases like lupus and arthritis, where its presence can modulate inflammation and improve symptoms. On the industrial side, CD96 is synthesized in precise environments, usually using mammalian cells, ensuring high purity and minimal toxins. This accuracy is crucial for its use in developing diagnostic tools, such as those used in ELISA testing to gauge CD96 activity in various diseases. In terms of crafting new drugs, CD96's involvement in immune processes makes it a prime focus for creating therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies, aimed at correcting immune system issues. In summary, CD96 is a major asset in cancer and autoimmune research and in the pursuit of new drug treatments. Its recombinant form provides a foundation for probing into immune regulation and creating innovative therapeutic strategies. This makes CD96 a versatile and promising component in tackling numerous immune-related health challenges.

Fig1. TIGIT and CD96-mediated inhibition in cancer. (William C Dougall, 2017)