Recombinant Mouse Appl2 Protein, Myc/DDK-tagged

• Cat.No.: Appl2-1668M
• Product Overview: Purified recombinant protein of mouse full-length adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 2 (Appl2), with C-terminal MYC/DDK tag, expressed in HEK293T cells.

Specification

• Description: Multifunctional adapter protein that binds to various membrane receptors, nuclear factors and signaling proteins to regulate many processes, such as cell proliferation, immune response, endosomal trafficking and cell metabolism. Regulates signaling pathway leading to cell proliferation through interaction with RAB5A and subunits of the NuRD/MeCP1 complex. Plays a role in immune response by modulating phagocytosis, inflammatory and innate immune responses. In macrophages, enhances Fc-gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis through interaction with RAB31 leading to activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. In response to LPS, modulates inflammatory responses by playing a key role on the regulation of TLR4 signaling and in the nuclear translocation of RELA/NF-kappa-B p65 and the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Also functions as a negative regulator of innate immune response via inhibition of AKT1 signaling pathway by forming a complex with APPL1 and PIK3R1. Plays a role in endosomal trafficking of TGFBR1 from the endosomes to the nucleus. plays a role in cell metabolism by regulating adiponecting ans insulin signaling pathways and adaptative thermogenesis. In muscle, negatively regulates adiponectin-simulated glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting adiponectin signaling pathway through APPL1 sequestration thereby antagonizing APPL1 action. In muscles, negativeliy regulates insulin-induced plasma membrane recruitment of GLUT4 and glucose uptake through interaction with TBC1D1. Plays a role in cold and diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis by activating ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) neurons throught AMPK inhibition which enhances sympathetic outflow to subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), sWAT beiging and cold tolerance. Also plays a role in other signaling pathways namely Wnt/beta-catenin, HGF and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Positive regulator of beta-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription through direct interaction with RUVBL2/reptin resulting in the relief of RUVBL2-mediated repression of beta-catenin/TCF target genes by modulating the interactions within the beta-catenin-reptin-HDAC complex. May affect adult neurogenesis in hippocampus and olfactory system via regulating the sensitivity of glucocorticoid receptor. Required for fibroblast migration through HGF cell signaling.
• Source: HEK293T
• Species: Mouse
• Tag: Myc/DDK
• Molecular Mass: 73.9 kDa
• Purity: > 80% as determined by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining
• Stability: Stable for 12 months from the date of receipt of the product under proper storage and handling conditions. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• Storage: Store at -80 centigrade after receiving vials.
• Concentration: >50 μg/mL as determined by microplate BCA method
• Storage Buffer: 25 mM Tris.HCl, pH 7.3, 100 mM glycine, 10% glycerol.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: Appl2 adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]
• Official Symbol: Appl2
• Synonyms: APPL2; adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 2; DCC-interacting protein 13-beta; Dip3 beta; DIP13 beta; dip13-beta; adapter protein containing PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 2; Dip3b
• Gene ID: 216190
• mRNA Refseq: NM_145220
• Protein Refseq: NP_660255
• UniProt ID: Q8K3G9

Reviews

12/27/2020

In addition to its scientific advantages, the manufacturer of the APPL2 protein stands out for their exceptional support and assistance.

11/05/2020

Their technical expertise and prompt customer service have been instrumental in resolving any challenges or questions I encountered throughout my research journey.

11/11/2018

Its ability to modulate the activity of essential signaling pathways involved in these processes makes it a valuable tool for unraveling their complexities.

07/15/2016

It can be effectively employed in in vitro and in vivo studies, offering insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases.

Q&As

Can APPL2 interact with other proteins involved in insulin signaling?

Yes, APPL2 can interact with various proteins involved in insulin signaling, including IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1), AKT (protein kinase B), and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). These interactions help regulate insulin signaling and downstream metabolic processes.

How does APPL2 contribute to insulin signaling?

APPL2 acts as a scaffolding protein that interacts with insulin receptor and other signaling molecules to facilitate proper insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.

Can APPL2 influence cellular energy metabolism?

Yes, APPL2 can influence cellular energy metabolism by regulating glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation. It interacts with key signaling molecules in metabolic pathways to modulate energy homeostasis.

Can APPL2 be used as a diagnostic biomarker?

APPL2 has shown potential as a biomarker in certain diseases, such as breast cancer. However, further research is needed to determine its diagnostic utility across various conditions.

Is APPL2 associated with any diseases?

APPL2 has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer, insulin resistance, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Its dysregulation is often observed in these conditions.

Can APPL2 affect insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells?

Yes, APPL2 has been shown to play a role in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. It interacts with proteins involved in insulin granule trafficking and exocytosis, contributing to regulated insulin secretion.

Can APPL2 be targeted for therapeutic purposes?

While there are no current therapeutics targeting APPL2 specifically, understanding its role in various diseases may provide insights for developing targeted therapies in the future.

Are there any animal models or knockout studies related to APPL2?

Yes, animal models and knockout studies have been conducted to investigate the role of APPL2 in various biological processes and diseases. For example, APPL2 knockout mice have shown altered insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. These models provide valuable insights into the function of APPL2 in vivo.

Does APPL2 play a role in autophagy?

Yes, APPL2 is involved in the regulation of autophagy. It interacts with components of the autophagy machinery and can modulate autophagy induction and autophagosome formation. APPL2's role in autophagy suggests its involvement in cellular recycling and maintenance processes.

Are there any known interacting partners of APPL2?

APPL2 can interact with multiple proteins, including receptors, kinases, and scaffolding proteins, such as insulin receptor, AKT, and Rab5. These interactions contribute to its role in signaling and vesicle trafficking.

Are there any known small molecules or compounds that can regulate APPL2 activity?

Currently, there are no known small molecules or compounds specifically targeting APPL2 activity. Future studies may uncover potential modulators of APPL2 function that could be utilized for therapeutic purposes.

Can APPL2 serve as a biomarker for any diseases?

Currently, there are no established biomarkers utilizing APPL2. However, ongoing research may identify specific disease contexts in which APPL2 expression levels or activity could be used as a potential biomarker.

Does APPL2 have any role in cellular stress response?

APPL2 has been implicated in cellular stress response pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and oxidative stress response. It modulates the signaling and cellular adaptations that occur during stress conditions.

Is APPL2 expression regulated in a tissue-specific manner?

Yes, APPL2 expression can be regulated in a tissue-specific manner. It is expressed in various tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and brain. APPL2 levels may vary in different tissues depending on metabolic and physiological conditions.

What are the downstream effects of APPL2 dysregulation in cancer?

Dysregulation of APPL2 in cancer can lead to enhanced cell proliferation, survival, and invasion. It can also impact tumor growth, metastasis, and response to therapy.

Can APPL2 influence cell migration and invasion?

Yes, APPL2 can influence cell migration and invasion. It has been shown to regulate cell migration in various cellular contexts, including cancer cell migration and immune cell migration. APPL2's interactions with signaling molecules involved in cell motility contribute to these processes.

How does APPL2 contribute to vesicle trafficking?

APPL2 interacts with proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, such as Rab5, and regulates endosomal trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis. It influences membrane and protein dynamics within cells.

Does APPL2 play a role in neuronal development?

Yes, APPL2 is involved in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. It modulates neurotransmitter release and receptor trafficking, contributing to neuronal function and connectivity.

Are there any known genetic mutations or polymorphisms in the APPL2 gene?

Genetic mutations or polymorphisms in the APPL2 gene have not been extensively studied. Further research is needed to explore potential genetic variations and their effects on APPL2 function and disease susceptibility.

Are there any diseases or disorders associated with APPL2 dysfunction?

APPL2 dysfunction has been implicated in various diseases and disorders. It has been associated with insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. Understanding APPL2's role in these conditions may offer potential therapeutic targets.

Are there any drugs targeting APPL2?

Currently, there are no drugs specifically targeting APPL2. However, given its involvement in disease processes, it remains a potential target for future therapeutic interventions.

Does APPL2 interact with other signaling pathways besides insulin signaling?

Yes, APPL2 can interact with several signaling pathways besides insulin signaling, including the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway, Wnt signaling, and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling. These interactions suggest that APPL2 may have broader regulatory roles beyond insulin signaling.

Does APPL2 have any role in immune response?

APPL2 has been implicated in immune response regulation. It can modulate cytokine production and immune cell function by interacting with signaling molecules involved in immune signaling pathways. APPL2's function in immune response may have implications for various immunological conditions and diseases.

Is APPL2 expression regulated by any factors or signaling pathways?

Yes, APPL2 expression can be regulated by various factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and cellular stress. Signaling pathways like the PI3K/AKT pathway can also modulate APPL2 expression.

Which signaling pathways does APPL2 regulate?

APPL2 is involved in various signaling pathways, including insulin signaling, growth factor signaling, and neuronal development pathways.

Is APPL2 involved in DNA repair processes?

APPL2 has been implicated in DNA repair processes. It interacts with proteins involved in DNA damage repair pathways and can modulate DNA repair and genomic stability. APPL2's involvement in DNA repair suggests its role in maintaining genome integrity.

How is APPL2 involved in neuronal development?

APPL2 is involved in various aspects of neuronal development. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth and axon guidance, as well as synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission. APPL2 interacts with proteins involved in these processes, contributing to proper neuronal development and function.

Does APPL2 have any known functional domains?

Yes, APPL2 contains multiple functional domains, including a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a leucine zipper (LZ) domain, which contribute to its interactions and functionalities.

Does APPL2 have any isoforms?

Yes, APPL2 has two known isoforms produced by alternative splicing, known as APPL2a and APPL2b. These isoforms can differ in their cellular localization and functions.

Does APPL2 have any role in adipocyte biology?

Yes, APPL2 is involved in adipocyte biology. It can modulate adipogenesis (the process of adipocyte differentiation) and lipid metabolism. APPL2 expression may affect adipose tissue function and whole-body energy balance.

How is APPL2 involved in insulin resistance?

APPL2 can regulate insulin sensitivity by modulating insulin receptor signaling and glucose uptake. Dysregulated APPL2 expression or function can contribute to insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis.

Can APPL2 affect cellular proliferation and survival?

Yes, APPL2 can affect cellular proliferation and survival. It interacts with proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and DNA damage response pathways. APPL2's involvement in these processes suggests its potential role in cell growth and survival control.

Can APPL2 regulate cell polarity and organization?

Yes, APPL2 can regulate cell polarity and organization. It interacts with polarity proteins and contributes to cell polarity establishment and maintenance. APPL2's function in cell polarity suggests its role in cellular organization and tissue development.