Recombinant Rat ANTXR1 Protein, His (Fc)-Avi-tagged

• Cat.No.: ANTXR1-343R
• Product Overview: Recombinant Rat ANTXR1 with His (Fc)-Avi tag was expressed and purified

Specification

• Source: HEK293
• Species: Rat
• Tag: His&Fc&Avi
• Endotoxin: < 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
• Purity: ≥85% by SDS-PAGE
• Stability: Stable for at least 6 months from the date of receipt of the product under proper storage and handling conditions. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• Storage: For long term storage, aliquot and store at -20 to -80 centigrade. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing cycles.
• Storage Buffer: PBS buffer

Gene Information

• Gene Name: Antxr1 anthrax toxin receptor 1 [ Rattus norvegicus ]
• Official Symbol: ANTXR1
• Gene ID: 362393
• mRNA Refseq: NM_001044249.2
• Protein Refseq: NP_001037714.1
• UniProt ID: Q0PMD2

Reviews

12/31/2020

the manufacturer's support has been instrumental in assisting me throughout my work with the ANTXR1 protein.

05/24/2019

They have not only provided insightful guidance on experimental design but also helped troubleshoot any issues I encountered during the trials.

12/21/2017

Its exceptional quality ensures accurate data and supports the validity of my research findings.

06/27/2017

Its remarkable specificity and functionality have allowed me to investigate various cellular processes with precision and confidence.

01/11/2016

The technical team's expertise and promptness in addressing any queries or concerns have been extraordinary.

Q&As

Is ANTXR1 expressed in all types of cells?

ANTXR1 is expressed in a wide range of cell types, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and various cancer cell lines. However, the level of expression may vary depending on the cell type and its physiological state.

Are there any known alternative splicing isoforms of ANTXR1?

Yes, alternative splicing of ANTXR1 pre-mRNA results in the generation of multiple isoforms. These isoforms may differ in their tissue-specific expression patterns and functional properties, although their precise roles are not yet fully understood.

How is ANTXR2 regulated in the cell?

The regulation of ANTXR2 expression and activity is not yet fully understood. However, studies suggest that ANTXR2 expression can be modulated by various factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins. Additionally, post-translational modifications may also impact ANTXR2 function and localization within the cell. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise regulatory mechanisms of ANTXR2.

What diseases are associated with ANTXR1 protein?

ANTXR1 mutations have been associated with susceptibility to certain types of cancer, including angiosarcoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Is ANTXR2 expression regulated by any transcription factors?

There is limited information available on the transcriptional regulation of ANTXR2. One study identified the transcription factor EGR1 as a potential regulator of ANTXR2 expression in lung cancer cells. However, more research is required to determine the specific transcription factors that control ANTXR2 expression in different contexts.

Can ANTXR2 be targeted for therapeutic purposes?

Targeting ANTXR2 could have potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the context of anthrax toxin. Strategies to block the interaction between ANTXR2 and PA have been explored as a means to prevent anthrax toxin entry into cells. Additionally, further investigation of ANTXR2's role in angiogenesis and tissue remodeling may offer opportunities for therapeutic intervention in related diseases.

Can ANTXR1 be targeted for therapeutic purposes?

Yes, ANTXR1 has been a target for the development of anthrax antitoxins to block the binding and internalization of anthrax toxin into cells, thereby preventing the toxin's damaging effects.

What are the downstream signaling pathways activated by ANTXR2?

The exact downstream signaling pathways triggered by ANTXR2 are still being explored. However, it has been suggested that ANTXR2 may activate various intracellular signaling pathways, including those involving ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB. These pathways are involved in cell growth, survival, and inflammation, respectively.

Are there any other proteins that interact with ANTXR2?

Yes, apart from its interaction with the PA component of anthrax toxin, ANTXR2 can interact with multiple extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. It can also interact with other cell surface receptors and signaling molecules involved in various cellular processes.

Are there any genetic polymorphisms or mutations in ANTXR2 associated with diseases?

Yes, mutations in ANTXR2 have been identified in individuals with diseases such as hyaline fibromatosis syndrome, infantile systemic hyalinosis, and juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. These mutations disrupt the normal function of ANTXR2 and lead to the accumulation of hyaline material in various tissues.

Are there any inhibitors or drugs targeting ANTXR1?

Yes, there have been efforts to develop inhibitors or antibodies that can block the interaction between ANTXR1 and anthrax toxin, thereby preventing toxin entry into cells. These inhibitors are being explored as potential therapeutics for anthrax infection.

Can ANTXR1 be used as a biomarker for certain cancers?

Yes, ANTXR1 has been identified as a biomarker for several types of cancer, including angiosarcoma and basal cell carcinoma. Its overexpression in these cancers may serve as a diagnostic or prognostic marker.

Does ANTXR2 have any role in cancer?

Although ANTXR2 has not been extensively studied in the context of cancer, there is evidence suggesting its involvement in tumor growth and metastasis. For example, ANTXR2 expression has been observed to be upregulated in certain types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer. Additionally, ANTXR2 has been linked to increased invasive potential and angiogenesis in cancer cells.

Does ANTXR1 have any known physiological functions unrelated to disease?

Yes, ANTXR1 has physiological functions unrelated to disease. It plays a role in embryonic development, particularly in cardiovascular development and angiogenesis. ANTXR1 is also involved in tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and vasculogenesis, contributing to normal physiological processes.

How does ANTXR2 interact with anthrax toxin?

ANTXR2 binds to the PA component of anthrax toxin, allowing the toxin to be internalized into cells. Along with another protein called ANTXR1, it forms a receptor complex that facilitates the entry of the lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF) components of the toxin into cells.

Does ANTXR1 have any known functional partners or interacting proteins?

Yes, ANTXR1 has been found to interact with other proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and integrins, which are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion processes.

Can ANTXR1 be targeted for therapeutic purposes?

Yes, ANTXR1 has been considered a potential therapeutic target not only for anthrax infection but also for certain cancers and other diseases where its expression or function is altered. Development of specific inhibitors or targeted therapies against ANTXR1 is an area of ongoing research.

How does ANTXR1 interact with anthrax toxin?

ANTXR1 binds to the protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax toxin, forming a complex that is necessary for the internalization of the toxin into susceptible cells.

Can ANTXR1 interact with other proteins?

Yes, ANTXR1 can interact with numerous proteins. For example, it can bind to collagen and fibronectin, components of the extracellular matrix, facilitating cell adhesion and migration. ANTXR1 can also interact with certain intracellular signaling proteins, influencing various cellular processes.

Is ANTXR1 involved in any other diseases or conditions?

ANTXR1 has been implicated in other diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and certain types of cancer. Its involvement in angiogenesis and cell adhesion processes makes it relevant in these pathological conditions.

Does ANTXR1 have any role in immune responses?

Yes, ANTXR1 plays a role in immune responses. It has been reported to regulate the activation and function of immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. ANTXR1 is involved in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the modulation of immune cell migration and antigen presentation.

Are there any drugs or therapies targeting ANTXR1?

While there are currently no approved drugs specifically targeting ANTXR1, several studies have identified potential therapeutic agents that can inhibit ANTXR1 function or expression. Some examples include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and RNA interference-based approaches. These strategies are being investigated for their effectiveness in preclinical models.

What are the potential therapeutic implications of targeting ANTXR2 in hyaline fibromatosis syndrome?

Since ANTXR2 mutations are associated with hyaline fibromatosis syndrome, targeting ANTXR2 could be a potential therapeutic strategy. This could involve developing therapies that restore or enhance the function of ANTXR2 in affected tissues. However, more research is needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and to identify specific therapeutic targets.

How is ANTXR2 involved in angiogenesis?

ANTXR2 is expressed in endothelial cells and has been shown to play a role in angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels. It is involved in promoting the ability of endothelial cells to migrate and form capillary-like structures. ANTXR2 has also been implicated in the regulation of vascular permeability.

Are there any known ligands for ANTXR2?

Yes, ANTXR2 is known to interact with several extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. These interactions facilitate the internalization and degradation of these proteins. ANTXR2 has also been reported to bind to certain bacterial toxins, such as anthrax lethal factor and anthrax edema factor.

Can ANTXR2 be targeted for therapeutic purposes in diseases other than hyaline fibromatosis syndrome?

The potential therapeutic targeting of ANTXR2 in diseases other than hyaline fibromatosis syndrome is still not well-established. However, given its involvement in tumor growth, metastasis, and immune responses, it is possible that ANTXR2 could be explored as a therapeutic target in cancer and other inflammatory diseases. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of targeting ANTXR2 in these contexts.

Is ANTXR2 involved in any physiological processes other than disease-related conditions?

While the majority of research on ANTXR2 has focused on its role in diseases, there is evidence suggesting its involvement in physiological processes as well. For example, ANTXR2 has been implicated in wound healing and tissue repair, as it regulates the turnover of extracellular matrix proteins. Additionally, ANTXR2 may play a role in normal development, as evidenced by its expression in various embryonic tissues.

Are there any diseases or conditions associated with ANTXR2 mutations?

Yes, mutations in the ANTXR2 gene have been found to cause a rare genetic disorder known as Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS). HFS is characterized by the accumulation of hyaline material in various tissues and can lead to a range of symptoms including joint stiffness, skin abnormalities, and organ dysfunction.

Are there any genetic disorders associated with ANTXR1 mutations?

Yes, mutations in the ANTXR1 gene have been implicated in a rare genetic disorder called infantile hemangioma. This disorder is characterized by the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the skin, causing a benign tumor-like growth.

Can ANTXR1 play a role in wound healing?

Yes, ANTXR1 has been shown to play a role in wound healing and tissue repair processes. It is involved in the regulation of fibroblast migration and extracellular matrix deposition, which are essential for wound closure and tissue remodeling.

Are there any other functions of ANTXR1 besides being a receptor for anthrax toxin?

Yes, ANTXR1 has been found to have other roles in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, signaling pathways, and angiogenesis. It has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes.

Is ANTXR2 involved in any other diseases or conditions?

Besides Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome, ANTXR2 has been implicated in other conditions as well. Mutations in ANTXR2 have been associated with juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH), which are rare genetic disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of hyaline material in various tissues.

How is ANTXR1 implicated in cancer?

ANTXR1 has been found to be overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, colon, and liver cancer. Its high expression levels are associated with tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. ANTXR1 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Are there any known drugs or inhibitors that target ANTXR2?

Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs specifically targeting ANTXR2. However, research is ongoing to develop therapeutic agents that can interfere with ANTXR2 function or its interaction with anthrax toxin components. Experimental agents such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have been explored for their potential to target ANTXR2.

Are there any therapeutic implications of ANTXR2?

The understanding of ANTXR2's role in anthrax toxin uptake has led to the development of potential therapeutic agents that target this protein. Additionally, further research on ANTXR2 may provide insights into angiogenesis-related diseases and tissue remodeling.