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Recombinant Human APOE Protein, His-tagged

Cat.No. : APOE-17H
Product Overview : Recombinant human APOE protein with a His-tag was expressed in HEK293
Availability February 16, 2025
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Description : The protein encoded by this gene is a major apoprotein of the chylomicron. It binds to a specific liver and peripheral cell receptor, and is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. This gene maps to chromosome 19 in a cluster with the related apolipoprotein C1 and C2 genes. Mutations in this gene result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants.
Source : HEK293
Species : Human
Tag : His
Molecular Mass : The protein has a calculated MW of 35 kDa.
AA Sequence : KVEQAVETEPEPELRQQTEWQSGQR WELALGRFWDYLRWVQTLSEQVQEE LLSSQVTQELRALMDETMKELKAYK SELEEQLTPVAEETRARLSKELQAA QARLGADMEDVCGRLVQYRGEVQAM LGQSTEELRVRLASHLRKLRKRLLR DADDLQKRLAVYQAGAREGAERGLS AIRERLGPLVEQGRVRAATVGSLAG QPLQERAQAWGERLRARMEEMGSRT RDRLDEVKEQVAEVRAKLEEQAQQI RLQAEAFQARLKSWFEPLVEDMQRQ WAGLVEKVQAAVGTSAAPVPSDNHV DHHHHHH
Endotoxin : <1 EU/μg
Purity : >95% by SDS-PAGE
Storage : Store it under sterile conditions at -20 to -80 centigrade. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage Buffer : Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS,pH7.4, 5% trehalose, 5% manitol
Gene Name : APOE apolipoprotein E [ Homo sapiens (human) ]
Official Symbol : APOE
Synonyms : APOE; apolipoprotein E; AD2, Alzheimer disease 2 (APOE*E4 associated, late onset); apo-E; apolipoprotein E3; AD2; LPG; LDLCQ5; MGC1571;
Gene ID : 348
mRNA Refseq : NM_000041
Protein Refseq : NP_000032
MIM : 107741
UniProt ID : P02649

Case 1: Kreutzer E, et al. Pharm Res. 2024

This study investigated the isoform-specific effects of apolipoprotein E (apoE) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) levels and activity in a human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3). The researchers used western blot to measure P-gp levels and rhodamine 123 uptake to assess function after exposing cells to recombinant apoE3 and apoE4 proteins, as well as astrocyte-conditioned media containing human apoE isoforms.

The results showed no significant differences in P-gp levels or function between cells treated with apoE3 and those treated with apoE4, indicating that apoE isoforms do not affect P-gp activity in this model. Positive controls SR12813 and PSC 833 confirmed the assay's sensitivity, as they significantly altered P-gp levels and function, respectively.

APOE-17H-1.jpg

Fig1. Recombinant apoE3 (rE3) and apoE4 (rE4) do not directly modulate abundance of P-gp in hCMEC/D3 cells.

APOE-17H-2.jpg

Fig2. Recombinant apoE3 (rE3) and recombinant apoE4 (rE4) do not affect P-gp function as assessed via rhodamine 123 (R123) accumulation.

Case 2: Atehortua L, et al. J Lipid Res. 2023

The previous research found that HDL can protect regulatory T cells (Treg) from apoptosis, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Building on this, new findings reveal that HDL primarily interacts with memory Treg, especially the highly suppressive effector memory Treg, by inhibiting apoptosis in an Akt-dependent manner.

Researchers identified the protein component of HDL as the main factor mediating this effect, ruling out the most abundant HDL protein, apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1). HDL lacking APOE failed to protect effector memory Treg, highlighting APOE's importance. Reconstituted HDL particles with APOE and synthetic phospholipids significantly reduced Treg apoptosis, with APOE3 and APOE4 isoforms being the most effective. Lipid-free recombinant APOEs showed similar results, and binding studies indicated that lipid-free APOE3 specifically bound to memory Treg, not naive Treg.

APOE-17H-3.jpg

Fig1. Caspase 3/7 expression of emTreg after treatment with rHDL-APOE(2–4)-POPC.

APOE-17H-4.jpg

Fig2. Representative example of one cell for rhAPOE3 or rhAPOE3 + RAP.

The main function of APOE is to transport lipids in the body, as part of plasma lipoproteins, mainly involved in the transport and metabolism of lipids in the body, affecting cholesterol levels, and associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. APOE is associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, obesity, and lipid metabolism.

In drug development, recombinant human APOE proteins can be used to screen and evaluate potential anti-AD drugs, as well as to study their effects on lipid metabolism and cell function. As a drug target, APOE-related drug development is ongoing to treat APOE-related diseases. Certain variants of the APOE gene act as biomarkers that may be associated with disease risk and response to treatment. There have been studies suggesting that the APOE4 allele may be associated with increased fertility, which is also worth investigating in animal models.

APOE-17H-5.jpg

Fig1. Main functions of ApoE in the human body. (Monika Kacperczyk, 2021)

Not For Human Consumption!

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Customer Reviews (4)

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08/28/2021

    By using APOE protein, I can gain insights into the underlying molecular processes contributing to amyloidosis, which can ultimately aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

    02/17/2019

      The manufacturer plays a crucial role in supporting my research with their extensive expertise and resources.

      01/26/2018

        This assurance enables me to confidently utilize the APOE protein in my research, knowing that it will consistently deliver reliable and accurate results.

        10/30/2016

          the manufacturer facilitates access to the latest scientific advancements and developments related to APOE protein research.

          Q&As (18)

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          Can APOE gene editing or gene therapy be a potential treatment option in the future? 09/02/2021

          Gene editing or gene therapy targeting the APOE gene is an area of active research. Many scientific advancements have been made in the field of gene editing, such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology, which allows for precise modifications to genes. However, gene editing and gene therapy approaches for APOE are still in the experimental stage and require further refinement and study before they can become viable treatment options.

          Does the APOE protein influence mental health conditions like depression or anxiety? 08/06/2021

          While the APOE protein is primarily associated with lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases, emerging evidence suggests it may play a role in mental health. Some studies have found an association between the APOEε4 allele and increased risk of developing late-onset depression or anxiety disorders. However, more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between APOE and mental health conditions.

          Can medications or supplements influence the expression or function of the APOE protein? 03/31/2021

          Some medications and supplements have been studied for their potential to influence the expression or function of the APOE protein. For example, statins, commonly prescribed for high cholesterol, have shown some effects on APOE expression and metabolism. However, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of medications and supplements on APOE function.

          Can genetic testing determine an individual's APOE genotype? 11/17/2020

          Yes, genetic testing can determine an individual's APOE genotype. Through a simple blood or saliva sample, the presence of APOE variants (ε2, ε3, ε4) can be detected and analyzed. It is important to note that genetic testing should be done under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as test results need to be interpreted carefully, considering various factors.

          Are there any dietary changes that can optimize APOE function? 01/26/2020

          Certain dietary changes can help optimize APOE function. Consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can support APOE function and overall brain health. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, walnuts, and flaxseeds, have been shown to enhance APOE function and neuroprotective mechanisms.

          How does the APOE protein contribute to cardiovascular health? 05/05/2019

          The APOE protein helps regulate cholesterol levels by facilitating the transportation of cholesterol and lipids. APOE plays a role in removing excess cholesterol from cells and transporting it back to the liver for metabolism and elimination. This process is important for maintaining cardiovascular health.

          Are there any lifestyle factors that can influence the expression or impact of the APOE protein? 04/06/2019

          Yes, lifestyle factors can influence the expression and impact of the APOE protein. Regular physical exercise has been shown to increase APOE expression and enhance its function in lipid metabolism and clearance of amyloid-beta. A healthy diet rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and low in saturated fats may also support APOE function and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

          Does everyone have the same form of the APOE protein? 09/30/2018

          No, there are three common forms of the APOE protein known as APOEε2, APOEε3, and APOEε4. Each individual inherits two copies of the APOE gene, resulting in six possible genotypes: APOEε2/ε2, APOEε2/ε3, APOEε2/ε4, APOEε3/ε3, APOEε3/ε4, and APOEε4/ε4.

          How does the APOE protein contribute to brain health? 09/21/2018

          The APOE protein is crucial for various functions in the brain. It assists in the transport and delivery of lipids required for neuronal growth, maintenance, and repair. It also plays a role in clearing away excess amyloid-beta, a protein associated with the formation of plaques in Alzheimer's disease. APOE isoforms have different abilities to clear amyloid-beta, with APOEε4 being less efficient in clearance, contributing to increased Alzheimer's risk.

          What other diseases or conditions are associated with the APOE protein? 06/27/2018

          Apart from Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular health, variations in the APOE protein have also been linked to other conditions. For example, the APOEε4 allele is associated with an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Additionally, APOE genotypes have been implicated in cognitive decline, stroke risk, and traumatic brain injury outcomes.

          Are there any ongoing clinical trials targeting the APOE protein? 03/17/2018

          There are ongoing clinical trials exploring potential interventions targeting the APOE protein. These trials focus on developing drugs or therapies that can modify APOE function, enhance lipid metabolism, reduce amyloid-beta buildup, and improve brain health in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

          Can lifestyle factors influence the impact of the APOE protein on health? 01/01/2018

          Yes, lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight can modulate the impact of the APOE protein on health. A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity, may help mitigate the risk of developing certain diseases associated with APOE genotypes, such as Alzheimer's disease or cardiovascular conditions.

          Can the APOE protein impact the response to traumatic brain injury? 08/21/2017

          Yes, the APOE genotype can influence the response to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies have shown that individuals carrying the APOEε4 allele may be at an increased risk of poorer outcomes after experiencing a TBI. APOE genotype can influence the severity and recovery process, providing insights into personalized approaches for TBI management and rehabilitation.

          Can the APOE protein be therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases? 05/02/2017

          The APOE protein has been a target of research for potential therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases. Developing drugs or therapies that modulate APOE function, such as promoting cholesterol efflux or reducing inflammation, might have the potential to improve lipid metabolism and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, further studies are necessary to develop effective treatments.

          How is the APOE protein related to Alzheimer's disease? 04/06/2017

          Certain variations in the APOE gene, specifically the APOE ε4 allele, have been identified as a major risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with one copy of the APOE ε4 allele have an increased risk, while those with two copies have an even higher risk.

          Are there any therapies targeting the APOE protein? 03/09/2017

          While there are no specific therapies directly targeting the APOE protein, research is ongoing to understand its role better in various diseases. Potential therapeutic approaches focus on modulating lipid metabolism, reducing cholesterol deposition, and developing treatments for Alzheimer's disease that target the impact of APOE ε4 allele.

          Can the APOE protein impact response to dietary fats? 04/13/2016

          Yes, the APOE genotype can influence an individual's response to dietary fats. Studies suggest that individuals carrying the APOEε4 allele may be more susceptible to adverse effects of high saturated fat intake, such as elevated cholesterol levels and increased cardiovascular risk.

          Are there any potential therapeutic interventions targeting the APOE protein in Alzheimer's disease? 04/10/2016

          Researchers are actively studying potential therapeutic interventions targeting the APOE protein in Alzheimer's disease. These interventions aim at increasing the clearance of amyloid-beta plaques, reducing brain inflammation, and promoting brain health. However, no specific treatments directly targeting the APOE protein have been approved for clinical use thus far.

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