Recombinant Human AKR1C4, GST-tagged

• Cat.No.: AKR1C4-9534H
• Product Overview: Recombinant Human AKR1C4 protein, fused to GST-tag, was expressed in E.coli and purified by GSH-sepharose.

Specification

• Description: This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme catalyzes the bioreduction of chlordecone, a toxic organochlorine pesticide, to chlordecone alcohol in liver. This gene shares high sequence identity with three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at chromosome 10p15-p14.
• Source: E.coli
• Species: Human
• Tag: GST
• Protein length: 1-323a.a.
• Storage: The protein is stored in PBS buffer at -20℃. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing cycles.
• Storage Buffer: 1M PBS (58mM Na2HPO4,17mM NaH2PO4, 68mM NaCl, pH8. ) added with 100mM GSH and 1% Triton X-100,15%glycerol.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: AKR1C4 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (chlordecone reductase; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type I; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4) [ Homo sapiens ]
• Official Symbol: AKR1C4
• Synonyms: AKR1C4; aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (chlordecone reductase; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type I; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4); CHDR; aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4; 3 alpha HSD; C11; CDR; DD4; HAKRA; MGC22581; 3-alpha-HSD1; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase isozyme DD4; type I 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; DD-4; 3-alpha-HSD
• Gene ID: 1109
• mRNA Refseq: NM_001818
• Protein Refseq: NP_001809
• MIM: 600451
• UniProt ID: P17516
• Chromosome Location: 10p15.1
• Pathway: Bile acid and bile salt metabolism, organism-specific biosystem; Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate, organism-specific biosystem; Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate, conserved biosystem; Metabolic pathways, organism-specific biosystem; Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
• Function: aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity; androsterone dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity; androsterone dehydrogenase activity; bile acid transmembrane transporter activity; chlordecone reductase activity; electron carrier activity; oxidoreductase activity; o

Reviews

12/06/2022

The AKR1C4 protein is known for its exceptional quality, making it a highly suitable choice for meeting diverse experimental needs.

02/05/2021

One notable advantage of the AKR1C4 protein is the excellent technical support provided by its manufacturer.

10/02/2020

Renowned for its reliability and consistency, this protein offers researchers the confidence to achieve accurate and reproducible results in their studies.

08/06/2016

Its versatility and reliability make it an indispensable asset for scientists seeking to explore the complexities of various biological systems.

Q&As

Are there any ongoing clinical trials targeting AKR1C4?

Currently, there are limited ongoing clinical trials specifically targeting AKR1C4. However, there are studies investigating the role of AKR1C4 in cancer and drug metabolism, which may indirectly contribute to the development of targeted therapies. Ongoing research may uncover additional therapeutic opportunities for AKR1C4 and lead to the initiation of clinical trials in the future.

Are there any known drug interactions or adverse effects associated with AKR1C4 inhibitors?

While AKR1C4 inhibitors have shown potential therapeutic benefits, they may also have interactions with other medications. This is particularly relevant in the context of drug metabolism, as AKR1C4 plays a role in the clearance of certain drugs. Therefore, the use of AKR1C4 inhibitors in combination with other medications should be carefully evaluated to avoid potential adverse effects or altered drug concentrations in the body. Additionally, the specific side effects or toxicity profiles of AKR1C4 inhibitors may vary depending on the compound used and further studies are needed to fully understand their safety profile.

What are the tissue distribution and cellular localization of AKR1C4?

AKR1C4 is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, kidney, prostate, breast, and lung. It is found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. The specific cellular localization of AKR1C4 can vary depending on the cell type and its specific functions within that cell.

Can targeting AKR1C4 have therapeutic implications?

Targeting AKR1C4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy in certain conditions. Inhibition of AKR1C4 activity may be explored for the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers, such as prostate cancer. Additionally, modulating AKR1C4 activity may have implications for conditions involving inflammation and immune responses. However, further research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.

Is AKR1C4 used as a biomarker for any diseases or conditions?

Currently, AKR1C4 is not widely used as a biomarker for specific diseases or conditions. However, its expression and activity levels have been investigated in various studies as a potential biomarker for certain cancers and inflammatory disorders. Further research is needed to determine its clinical utility as a biomarker.

Is AKR1C4 involved in any genetic disorders?

Yes, mutations in the AKR1C4 gene have been associated with a rare genetic disorder called congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). CAH is characterized by impaired steroid hormone production and can manifest as ambiguous genitalia in affected individuals.

What are the potential therapeutic applications of targeting AKR1C4?

Targeting AKR1C4 has shown potential therapeutic applications in various fields. In cancer treatment, inhibiting AKR1C4 can potentially enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs by preventing their inactivation. AKR1C4 inhibitors may also be useful in the treatment of hormone-related cancers such as breast and prostate cancers, as the enzyme is involved in the metabolism of sex hormones. Additionally, targeting AKR1C4 may be explored in the development of therapies for endometriosis, neuroinflammatory conditions, and hypertension, based on its involvement in these diseases.

Are there any known genetic variations or polymorphisms in AKR1C4?

Yes, several genetic variations and polymorphisms in AKR1C4 have been identified. Some of these variations have been associated with altered enzyme activity and drug metabolism. Certain polymorphisms may also impact the susceptibility to certain diseases or influence the response to specific medications. However, more research is needed to fully understand the functional impact of these genetic variations.

Are there any specific inhibitors or activators of AKR1C4?

Several compounds have been identified as inhibitors or activators of AKR1C4. For example, various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as flufenamic acid and its analogs have been shown to inhibit AKR1C4 activity. On the other hand, some compounds like resveratrol and certain phytoestrogens can activate AKR1C4. However, the specificity and selectivity of these compounds towards AKR1C4 and their potential therapeutic applications require further investigation.

Does AKR1C4 have any physiological or pathophysiological roles outside of cancer and drug metabolism?

Yes, AKR1C4 is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes outside of cancer and drug metabolism. It plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure by metabolizing important vasoactive compounds called prostaglandins. AKR1C4 is also implicated in endometriosis, a gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Additionally, recent studies have suggested a potential role for AKR1C4 in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders.

How is AKR1C4 related to drug metabolism?

AKR1C4 is involved in the metabolism of various drugs and xenobiotics. It can catalyze the reduction or oxidation of certain compounds, influencing their pharmacological properties and elimination from the body. AKR1C4 plays a role in the metabolism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, and some antipsychotic medications.