Recombinant Human MS4A1 Protein (Glu213-Pro297), N-His tagged

• Cat.No.: MS4A1-5318H
• Product Overview: Recombinant human MS4A1 (Glu213-Pro297) fused with the N-terminal His tag was expressed in Mammalian cells.

Specification

• Description: CD20 is expressed on all stages of B cell development except the first and last; it is present from late pro-B cells through memory cells, but not on either early pro-B cells or plasma blasts and plasma cells. It is found on B-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and melanoma cancer stem cells. The protein has no known natural ligand and its function is to enable optimal B-cell immune response, specifically against T-independent antigens. It is suspected that it acts as a calcium channel in the cell membrane. CD20 / MS4A1 is the target of the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) rituximab, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, and tositumomab, which are all active agents in the treatment of all B cell lymphomas and leukemias. Defects in CD20 / MS4A1 are the cause of immunodeficiency common variable type 5 (CVID5); also called antibody deficiency due to CD20 defect. CVID5 is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by antibody deficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections and an inability to mount an antibody response to antigen.
• Source: Mammalian cells
• Species: Human
• Tag: His
• Form: Lyophilized powder/frozen liquid
• Molecular Mass: 9.35 kDa
• Protein length: Glu213-Pro297
• Endotoxin: < 1.0 EU/μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method.
• Purity: >90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
• Notes: For research use only.
• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Store at 2 to 8 centigrade for one week. Store at -20 to -80 centigrade for twelve months from the date of receipt.
• Storage Buffer: Supplied as solution form in PBS, pH 7.5 or lyophilized from PBS, pH 7.5.
• Reconstitution: Reconstitute in sterile water for a stock solution.
• Shipping: They are shipped out with dry ice/blue ice unless customers require otherwise.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: MS4A1 membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]
• Official Symbol: MS4A1
• Synonyms: MS4A1; membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1; CD20; B-lymphocyte antigen CD20; B1; Bp35; MS4A2; CD20 antigen; CD20 receptor; leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16; B-lymphocyte cell-surface antigen B1; S7; CVID5; LEU-16; MGC3969
• Gene ID: 931
• mRNA Refseq: NM_021950
• Protein Refseq: NP_068769
• MIM: 112210
• UniProt ID: P11836

Reviews

11/02/2019

Its strong affinity allows for robust binding to target proteins, thereby enhancing the accuracy of analysis.

04/05/2017

Surpassing expectations, it significantly amplifies the results of my research.

02/07/2017

The operational guidelines for this reagent are readily comprehensible and accessible, facilitating seamless implementation of experiments, even for individuals lacking prior expertise.

Q&As

How is the expression of MS4A1 regulated during B-cell development and differentiation?

 MS4A1 expression is tightly regulated during different stages of B-cell development. It is absent in early B-cell progenitors and gradually increases during maturation. MS4A1 expression is upregulated upon B-cell activation and can be influenced by various cytokines and signaling pathways. This tightly controlled expression pattern ensures proper B-cell development, while aberrant regulation may contribute to B-cell disorders or malignancies.

Can MS4A1 be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in B-cell disorders?

MS4A1 expression levels have been explored as potential diagnostic or prognostic markers for certain B-cell disorders. Quantification of CD20 expression by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry can aid in the diagnosis and classification of B-cell malignancies. Additionally, low CD20 expression levels have been associated with resistance to CD20-targeted therapies, serving as a prognostic indicator in B-cell lymphomas.

Are there any therapeutic strategies targeting MS4A1 beyond CD20-directed antibodies?

While CD20-targeted antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies, further therapeutic strategies are being explored. These include enhancing CD20 internalization, using antibody-drug conjugates, and developing novel targeted therapies based on the signaling pathways associated with MS4A1. Investigating these approaches may provide alternative treatments and improve outcomes for patients with B-cell disorders.

How does MS4A1 contribute to the regulation of immune tolerance and autoimmunity?

 MS4A1 helps maintain immune tolerance by preventing the production of autoreactive B cells. It contributes to the elimination of self-reactive B cell clones through mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated phagocytosis. MS4A1 dysregulation, however, can lead to the production of autoantibodies and the development of autoimmune diseases. Understanding the fine-tuned regulation of MS4A1's functions is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.

What are the interacting partners and downstream signaling pathways of MS4A1?

MS4A1 interacts with multiple proteins, such as tetraspanins, Src-family kinases, and lipid rafts, which form a complex network involved in B-cell signaling. Upon ligand binding, MS4A1 activates intracellular signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK, which regulate B-cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Understanding these pathways and their crosstalk with MS4A1 can provide insights into B-cell activation and potential therapeutic targets.

What is the structure and function of the MS4A1 protein in immune cells?

The MS4A1 protein, also known as CD20, is a tetraspanin membrane protein found predominantly in B cells. It plays a crucial role in B-cell development, activation, and antibody production. Structurally, CD20 consists of four transmembrane domains and a large extracellular loop. Functionally, it regulates B-cell signaling by promoting calcium influx upon B-cell receptor activation, modulating cell cycle progression, and facilitating antibody-mediated cytotoxicity.

How does MS4A1 contribute to the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies?

MS4A1 dysregulation has been implicated in B-cell malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas and leukemia. Increased expression or altered signaling of MS4A1 may promote survival and proliferation of malignant B cells. CD20-targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, have been successfully employed in treating B-cell malignancies, highlighting the significance of MS4A1 as a therapeutic target in these diseases.