IL21
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Official Full Name
interleukin 21
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Overview
A novel cytokine related to IL2 and IL15 was recently identified and designated IL21. IL21 has been found to be a powerful growth factor for naive B cells. The receptor for IL21 (IL21R, also termed NILR for novel Interleukin receptor) is a new member of the class I cytokine receptor family. IL21R forms a complex with the common cytokine receptor g chain, gc, and mediates IL21 signaling. Both IL21R and the gc are necessary for the IL21 function. IL21 and its receptor activate JAKSTAT signaling pathway. IL21R is expressed in spleen, thymus, natural killer (NK), T and B cell lines. IL21 plays a role in the proliferation and maturation of NK, B and T cell populations. -
Synonyms
IL21; interleukin 21; interleukin-21; IL-21; Il21;
- Recombinant Proteins
- GMP Proteins
- Cell & Tissue Lysates
- Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads
- Bovine
- Canine
- Chicken
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- Cynomolgus Monkey
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- CHO
- CHO-K1
- E. coli
- E.coli
- HEK293
- HEK293T
- Human Cell
- Human cells
- Insect Cell
- Insect Cells
- Mamanlian cells
- Mammalian Cell
- Yeast
- Fc
- Avi
- Flag
- His
- GST
- Myc
- DDK
- Non
- StrepII
- Background
- Quality Guarantee
- Case Study
- Involved Pathway
- Protein Function
- Interacting Protein
- Other Resource
What is il21 protein?
IL-21 is a type of cytokine, which is a signaling protein involved in immune responses. It is produced by certain immune cells, such as T helper cells, natural killer T cells, and follicular helper T cells. IL-21 plays a role in regulating immune cell differentiation, proliferation, and function. It can act on a variety of immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, to enhance immune responses against infections or cancer. Additionally, IL-21 can promote the development of antibody-producing B cells and is involved in the formation of germinal centers in lymphoid tissues.
What is the function of il21 protein?
Regulating immune cell development and differentiation: IL-21 promotes the differentiation and maturation of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells. It also helps in the development and activation of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
Enhancing antibody production: IL-21 stimulates B cells to produce antibodies and promotes the class switching of antibodies, which improves their effectiveness in combating pathogens.
Modulating immune responses: IL-21 regulates the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, helping to control the immune system's response to infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers.
Il21 related signaling pathway
T cell differentiation and proliferation: IL21 promotes the differentiation and proliferation of T cells, including CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, Th17 cells, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells.
NK cell activation: IL21 enhances the activation and cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells, which are involved in anti-tumor and antiviral immune responses.
Modulation of immune responses: IL21 regulates the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, influencing the overall immune response.
Anti-tumor effects: IL21 has been shown to have direct anti-tumor effects, inducing cancer cell death and inhibiting tumor growth.
Il21 Related Diseases
- Autoimmune diseases: IL-21 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. It can contribute to the activation and dysregulation of immune cells involved in these diseases.
- Allergic diseases: IL-21 has been linked to allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. It can promote the production of allergen-specific antibodies and the activation of immune cells involved in allergic responses.
- Immune deficiency: Deficiencies in IL-21 signaling can lead to impaired immune responses, making individuals more susceptible to infections and certain types of cancer.
Biomedical Application of il21 Protein
IL-21 has also shown promise in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. By modulating the immune response, IL-21 can help to regulate excessive inflammation and restore immune tolerance.In addition, IL-21 has been explored for its potential in enhancing vaccine efficacy. It can act as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to vaccines and improve vaccine-induced protection against infectious diseases.
Overall, the biomedical applications of IL-21 are diverse and hold great potential for the development of novel therapies for cancer, chronic viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and vaccine development.
High Purity
Fig1. SDS-PAGE (IL21-1804H)
High Bioactivity & Detection Sensitivity
Fig2. The IL-21R is widely distributed on lympho-haematopoietic cells. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Its action generally enhances antigen-specific responses of immune cells. IL-21 promotes the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T-cells and NK cells. IL-21 exerts its effect through binding to a specific type I cytokine receptor, IL-21R, which also contains the γ chain (γc) found in other cytokine receptors including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15.
(Filipe Barcelos, 2021)
Fig3. ESSDAI score correlations with T-cell subsets in all patients (n = 55), patients with clinically active disease and patients with ESSDAI score ≥ 5 (n = 9). Spearman correlation coefficients, 95% confidence interval, and p-values are indicated
(Ali H Hassan, 2016)
Fig4. Effects of prednisone on serum anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), IL-21, and IL-10 in MRL/lpr mice. Serum levels of autoantibody production (A, B), IL-21 (C), and IL-10 (D) in the model group (n=5), prednisone 2.5 mg/kg group (n=6), and prednisone 5.0 mg/kg group (n=7) were detected via ELISA. bP<0.05, cP<0.01 vs the model group.
IL21 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways IL21 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with IL21 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.
| Pathway Name | Pathway Related Protein |
|---|---|
| Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction | CXCL13;CD40;CXCR1;IL1R1;CCR7;PDGFB;IL15;IL5;IL20RB |
| Jak-STAT signaling pathway | GRB2B;IL28A;IL3RA;IFNPHI3;IL10RB;STAT2;Ifna15;Il4ra;LEPR |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | HLA-DRB1;Il23a; Il12b;IFNGR1;HLA-DMB;IL22;HLA-DRA;IL17F;IL18RAP;NFATC1 |
IL21 has several biochemical functions, for example, cytokine activity, cytokine receptor binding, interleukin-2 receptor binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by IL21 itself. We selected most functions IL21 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with IL21. You can find most of the proteins on our site.
| Function | Related Protein |
|---|---|
| cytokine activity | IL17F;CCL38A.5;IL17A/F1;IL8L2;TNFSF18;CTF1;IL18;VEGFA;IFNPHI1 |
| cytokine receptor binding | IFNA12;IL17B;IFNA8;IL17A/F3;IL15L;IFNPHI3;IL17A/F1;IFNA5;IL17C |
| interleukin-2 receptor binding | GATA3;ECM1;Il2;IL21;TIMM50 |
IL21 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with IL21 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of IL21.
PARP2; DGKA
Research Area
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Customer Reviews (3)
Write a reviewWith the IL21 protein at hand, I am excited to embark on my scientific journey with confidence and optimism.
I am confident that incorporating the IL21 protein into my research will yield accurate and reliable results, enabling deeper insights into cellular processes
Their expertise and guidance will undoubtedly prove valuable in overcoming hurdles and maximizing the potential of this protein in my research endeavors.
Q&As (5)
Ask a questionIL21 has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies for various cancers, including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and lymphoma.
Common side effects may include fatigue, fever, and flu-like symptoms. However, the severity and type of side effects can vary among individuals.
IL21 is often investigated in combination with other cancer therapies to enhance its effectiveness, and it has shown promise in combination treatments.
Yes, several clinical trials are investigating the efficacy and safety of IL21 in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
IL21 promotes the differentiation and survival of memory T cells, contributing to the long-term immune response against pathogens.
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