IL21
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Official Full Name
interleukin 21 -
Overview
A novel cytokine related to IL2 and IL15 was recently identified and designated IL21. IL21 has been found to be a powerful growth factor for naive B cells. The receptor for IL21 (IL21R, also termed NILR for novel Interleukin receptor) is a new member of the class I cytokine receptor family. IL21R forms a complex with the common cytokine receptor g chain, gc, and mediates IL21 signaling. Both IL21R and the gc are necessary for the IL21 function. IL21 and its receptor activate JAKSTAT signaling pathway. IL21R is expressed in spleen, thymus, natural killer (NK), T and B cell lines. IL21 plays a role in the proliferation and maturation of NK, B and T cell populations. -
Synonyms
IL21;interleukin 21;interleukin-21;IL-21;Il21
Recombinant Proteins
- Human
- Salmon
- Rabbit
- Mouse
- Rhesus macaque
- Canine
- Cynomolgus
- Rat
- Pig
- Chicken
- Bovine
- Zebrafish
- Dog
- CHO
- E.coli
- Yeast
- HEK293
- Insect Cells
- Human Cells
- Mammalian Cells
- Fc
- Non
- His
- GST
- Strep II
- DDK
- Myc
- Flag
- Avi
Background
What is il21 protein?
IL-21 is a type of cytokine, which is a signaling protein involved in immune responses. It is produced by certain immune cells, such as T helper cells, natural killer T cells, and follicular helper T cells. IL-21 plays a role in regulating immune cell differentiation, proliferation, and function. It can act on a variety of immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, to enhance immune responses against infections or cancer. Additionally, IL-21 can promote the development of antibody-producing B cells and is involved in the formation of germinal centers in lymphoid tissues.
What is the function of il21 protein?
Regulating immune cell development and differentiation: IL-21 promotes the differentiation and maturation of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells. It also helps in the development and activation of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
Enhancing antibody production: IL-21 stimulates B cells to produce antibodies and promotes the class switching of antibodies, which improves their effectiveness in combating pathogens.
Modulating immune responses: IL-21 regulates the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, helping to control the immune system's response to infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers.
Il21 related signaling pathway
T cell differentiation and proliferation: IL21 promotes the differentiation and proliferation of T cells, including CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, Th17 cells, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells.
NK cell activation: IL21 enhances the activation and cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells, which are involved in anti-tumor and antiviral immune responses.
Modulation of immune responses: IL21 regulates the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, influencing the overall immune response.
Anti-tumor effects: IL21 has been shown to have direct anti-tumor effects, inducing cancer cell death and inhibiting tumor growth.
Il21 Related Diseases
- Autoimmune diseases: IL-21 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. It can contribute to the activation and dysregulation of immune cells involved in these diseases.
- Allergic diseases: IL-21 has been linked to allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. It can promote the production of allergen-specific antibodies and the activation of immune cells involved in allergic responses.
- Immune deficiency: Deficiencies in IL-21 signaling can lead to impaired immune responses, making individuals more susceptible to infections and certain types of cancer.
Biomedical Application of il21 Protein
IL-21 has also shown promise in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. By modulating the immune response, IL-21 can help to regulate excessive inflammation and restore immune tolerance.In addition, IL-21 has been explored for its potential in enhancing vaccine efficacy. It can act as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to vaccines and improve vaccine-induced protection against infectious diseases.
Overall, the biomedical applications of IL-21 are diverse and hold great potential for the development of novel therapies for cancer, chronic viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and vaccine development.
Case Study
(Filipe Barcelos, 2021)
Fig3. ESSDAI score correlations with T-cell subsets in all patients (n = 55), patients with clinically active disease and patients with ESSDAI score ≥ 5 (n = 9). Spearman correlation coefficients, 95% confidence interval, and p-values are indicated
(Ali H Hassan, 2016)
Fig4. Effects of prednisone on serum anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), IL-21, and IL-10 in MRL/lpr mice. Serum levels of autoantibody production (A, B), IL-21 (C), and IL-10 (D) in the model group (n=5), prednisone 2.5 mg/kg group (n=6), and prednisone 5.0 mg/kg group (n=7) were detected via ELISA. bP<0.05, cP<0.01 vs the model group.
Quality Guarantee
High Purity
Fig1. SDS-PAGE (IL21-1804H)
High Bioactivity & Detection Sensitivity
Fig2. The IL-21R is widely distributed on lympho-haematopoietic cells. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Its action generally enhances antigen-specific responses of immune cells. IL-21 promotes the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T-cells and NK cells. IL-21 exerts its effect through binding to a specific type I cytokine receptor, IL-21R, which also contains the γ chain (γc) found in other cytokine receptors including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15.
Involved Pathway
IL21 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways IL21 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,Jak-STAT signaling pathway,Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with IL21 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.
| Pathway Name | Pathway Related Protein |
|---|---|
| Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction | IFNPHI3,FAS,Il23a,IFNA10,CCL7,TNFRSF9,TP-1,CXCL16,IFNW1,KITB |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | IL12B,IL4,HLA-DQA1,IL12RB2,IL18RAP,TLR5,HLA-DRB5,IL4R,IL18R1,FOXP3 |
| Jak-STAT signaling pathway | PRLR,IL4,IFNA2,STAT3,LEP,IL2RB,IFNA17,IL23,IL21R,M17 |
Protein Function
IL21 has several biochemical functions, for example, cytokine activity,cytokine receptor binding,interleukin-2 receptor binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by IL21 itself. We selected most functions IL21 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with IL21. You can find most of the proteins on our site.
| Function | Related Protein |
|---|---|
| interleukin-2 receptor binding | TIMM50,ECM1,GATA3,Il2 |
| cytokine receptor binding | IFNA12,IFNT2,IL17B,Ifna11,IFNPHI4,IFNA5,IFNA14,IFNPHI3,IFN-a,IFNA21 |
| cytokine activity | GDF2,IL11,IL29,IFNL3,FAM3D,IL15,IL34,Il2,GRN,C1QTNF4 |
Interacting Protein
IL21 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with IL21 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of IL21.
PARP2;DGKA
Resources
Research Area
Negative Regulators of the Jak/STAT PathwayReceptors in the Jak/STAT Pathway
Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells
Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)
Common gamma Chain Receptor Family Ligands
T Follicular Helper (Tfh) Cells
Th17 Cells
Th2 Cells
Th22 Cells
Th9 Cells
Common gamma Chain Family Ligands
Cytokines in Tumorigenesis
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References
- Kenefeck, R; Wang, CJ; et al. Follicular helper T cell signature in type 1 diabetes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 125:292-303(2015).
- Balabko, L; Andreev, K; et al. Increased expression of the Th17-IL-6R/pSTAT3/BATF/Ror gamma T-axis in the tumoural region of adenocarcinoma as compared to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 4:-(2014).
