Monocyte/Macrophage CD Antigen
Creative BioMart Monocyte/Macrophage CD Antigen Product List
Available Resources Related to Monocyte/Macrophage CD Antigens
Creative BioMart is dedicated to offering a comprehensive range of products, custom services, and resources related to other monocyte/macrophage CD antigens. Our goal is to support researchers, scientists, and companies worldwide in their research projects and experiments focused on understanding the role of these CD antigens in various biological processes and diseases.
About Monocyte/Macrophage CD Antigen
Monocyte/Macrophage CD antigens are cell surface molecules expressed on monocytes and macrophages, two important components of the immune system. These antigens play crucial roles in immune cell recognition, activation, antigen presentation, and antigen response.
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that circulates in the bloodstream, while macrophages are tissue-resident cells derived from monocytes. Both monocytes and macrophages have diverse functions in immunity, including phagocytosis of pathogens, antigen presentation to T cells, and secretion of cytokines to modulate immune responses.
CD antigens are named based on the Cluster of Differentiation (CD) nomenclature system, which assigns unique identifiers to cell surface molecules based on their patterns of expression and functions. There are numerous CD antigens expressed on monocytes and macrophages, each with its own specific roles in immune regulation.
These antigens are involved in various processes, such as cell adhesion, immune cell signaling, antigen recognition, and immune modulation. For example, CD14 acts as a co-receptor for Toll-like receptors, facilitating the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiating immune responses. CD40 on monocytes/macrophages interacts with CD40 ligand on T cells, leading to activation of monocytes/macrophages and cytokine production.
Monocyte/Macrophage CD antigens also play significant roles in diseases and pathological processes. Dysregulation of these antigens can contribute to the development of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. Therefore, studying these antigens is crucial for understanding immune responses and developing targeted therapies.
In summary, Monocyte/Macrophage CD antigens are important cell surface molecules expressed on monocytes and macrophages. They play essential roles in immune cell recognition, activation, antigen presentation, and antigen response. Understanding the functions of these antigens is vital for unraveling the complexities of the immune system and developing therapeutic interventions.
Common Monocyte/Macrophage CD Antigens and Their Functions
| CD Antigens | Functions |
|---|---|
| CD14 | CD14 is a co-receptor for toll-like receptors (TLRs) and plays a crucial role in the recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It facilitates the activation of macrophages and the initiation of an inflammatory response. |
| CD40 | CD40 is a co-stimulatory molecule that interacts with CD40 ligand (CD40L) on activated T cells. It plays a critical role in antigen presentation, T cell activation, and cytokine production by macrophages. CD40 signaling is involved in immune regulation and can influence inflammatory responses. |
| CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) | CD11b, also known as Mac-1 or integrin alpha M, forms a heterodimer with CD18 (integrin beta 2) and is involved in cell adhesion and migration. It plays a role in phagocytosis, tissue infiltration, and antigen presentation by macrophages. |
| CD64 (FcγRI) | CD64 is an Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and is highly expressed on macrophages. It mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis, contributing to the clearance of pathogens and immune complex-mediated responses. |
| CD163 | CD163 is a scavenger receptor primarily expressed on macrophages. It is involved in the clearance of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes and has anti-inflammatory properties. CD163 is also associated with tissue repair and plays a role in the resolution of inflammation. |
| CD206 (Mannose Receptor) | CD206 is a C-type lectin receptor expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells. It recognizes carbohydrates, including mannose, fucose, and N-acetylglucosamine residues, and is involved in antigen uptake, phagocytosis, and immune regulation. |
| CD200R | CD200R is an inhibitory receptor expressed on monocytes/macrophages and other immune cells. Interaction with its ligand, CD200, provides inhibitory signals and regulates immune responses. CD200R signaling plays a role in immune tolerance and limits excessive inflammation. |
Fig.2 Strategies and mechanisms of CD40/CD40L-targeted therapy. (Tang T, et al., 2021)
A. CD40/CD40L agonist therapy enhancing CD40/CD40L interaction by sCD40L trimer, adenovirus or plasmid or mRNA electroporation-mediated CD40/CD40L (Adv/plasmid/mRNA-CD40/CD40L) expressionand agonistic CD40 mAb has been investigated in malignancies. B. CD40/CD40L antagonist therapy blocking CD40/CD40L interaction by CD40L antagonist and antagonistic CD40/CD40L mAb has been evaluated in autoimmune diseases, allograft rejection and B-cell malignancies.
Applications of Monocyte/Macrophage CD Antigens in Research
Monocyte/Macrophage CD antigens have various applications in research, contributing to a deeper understanding of immune cell function, immune responses, and disease pathogenesis. Here are some key applications:
Immunophenotyping
Monocyte/Macrophage CD antigens are widely used in immunophenotyping studies to identify and characterize different subsets of monocytes and macrophages.For example, CD14 is commonly used to distinguish classical (CD14++CD16-) and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) monocyte subsets. By analyzing the expression levels of specific CD antigens, researchers can distinguish between different subsets and gain insights into their functional heterogeneity.
Disease biomarkers
Alterations in the expression of monocyte/macrophage CD antigens have been associated with various diseases. Researchers use these antigens as biomarkers to assess disease progression, monitor treatment responses, and predict patient outcomes. For example, CD14 expression has been used as a biomarker for sepsis, while monitoring the expression of CD163 on macrophages can be used to assess the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapies in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Disease diagnosis and prognosis
Alterations in the expression of monocyte/macrophage CD antigens have been associated with different diseases. For instance, in sepsis, increased expression of CD64 on monocytes has been found to be a diagnostic marker of infection severity. Similarly, elevated expression of CD163 has been associated with poor prognosis in certain cancers.
Functional studies
Monocyte/Macrophage CD antigens play critical roles in immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and immune modulation. Researchers utilize these antigens as tools to investigate the functional aspects of monocytes and macrophages. For example, blocking CD40-CD40L interaction using antibodies or small molecules can inhibit the activation of macrophages and modulate immune responses in autoimmune diseases and transplantation. By manipulating the expression or activity of specific CD antigens, researchers can study their impact on immune cell responses and disease-related processes.
Therapeutic targeting
Monocyte/Macrophage CD antigens have emerged as potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Researchers explore the development of monoclonal antibodies or other targeted therapies to modulate the function of these antigens and regulate immune responses. For instance, targeting CD14 with monoclonal antibodies in sepsis has shown promising results by modulating the inflammatory response and improving patient outcomes. Similarly, blocking CD47-SIRPα interaction using antibodies is being explored as a strategy to enhance macrophage-mediated cancer cell phagocytosis.
Drug discovery
Monocyte/Macrophage CD antigens are also utilized in drug discovery and development. Researchers screen libraries of compounds to identify molecules that can modulate the function or expression of these antigens. Such compounds may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of immune-related disorders or as immunomodulatory agents.
These applications demonstrate the importance of monocyte/macrophage CD antigens in advancing our understanding of immune cell biology, disease mechanisms, and the development of targeted therapies. Continued research in this field holds promise for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Related References
- Kotwica-Mojzych K, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Mojzych M. CD200:CD200R Interactions and Their Importance in Immunoregulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(4):1602.
- Tang T, Cheng X, Truong B, Sun L, Yang X, Wang H. Molecular basis and therapeutic implications of CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint. Pharmacol Ther. 2021;219:107709.
